Health and well-being of male international migrants and non-migrants in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional follow-up study

Kuhn, Randall; Barham, Tania; Razzaque, Abdur; Turner, Patrick

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003081

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Over the years, individual factors have been shown to influence the prevalence of NCDs among different populations [ 18 – 20 ] and this assertion is in tandem with the results of this study. In this context, this study found that among the migrants, the non-migrants, the females had more odds of NCDs compared to males, and this result is supported by literature [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Literature on the mental health of rural–urban migrants in developing countries show that after their initial physical health advantage, the migrants compared to the native populations become more vulnerable to various sources of stress, which lowers their mental health status [ 17 – 19 ]. In Bangladesh, [ 20 ] reported that international male migrants had comparable or lower injury and mortality risks than non-migrants. They also showed higher levels of self-rated health and physical strength but had substantially higher risks of overweight/obesity, hypertension, and depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa

et al. 2021

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Background The socioeconomic conditions of different environments manifest in varying experiences of illnesses. Even as migrants do transit across these different environments for various reasons, including settlement, they are bound to have peculiar experiences of diseases, which could be traced to lifestyle, gender, adaptation, and reactions to specific social, economic, psychological and climatic conditions. Paying attention to such unique scenarios, our study examines the prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa. Methods Data was from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), waves 5 of 2017, which comprised of 28,055 respondents aged 15–64 years made up of 22,849 inter-provincial non-migrants and 5206 inter-provincial migrants. A composite dependent/outcome variable of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) was generated for the study and data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi Square analysis and multilevel logistic regression analysis. Results More migrants (19.81%) than non-migrants (16.69%) reported prevalence of NCDs. With the exception of household size for migrants and smoking for non-migrants, the prevalence of NCDs showed significant differences in all the community, behavioral, and individual variables. The factors in the full model, which significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrants and the non-migrants, were older populations, the non-Blacks, and those with higher education levels. On the one hand, being married, having a household with 4–6 persons, and being residents of urban areas significantly increased odds of NCDs among the migrant population. While on the other, living in coastal provinces, being a female, and belonging to the category of those who earn more than 10,000 Rands were significantly associated with increased odds of NCDs among the non-migrants. Conclusions These findings, therefore, among other things underscore the need for increased education and awareness campaigns, especially among the older populations on the preventive and mitigative strategies for NCDs. In addition, changes in lifestyles with regard to smoking and physical exercises should be more emphasized in specific contextual situations for the migrant and non-migrant populations, as highlighted by the results of this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa

et al. 2021

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“…These figures show that young people make up a large proportion of the total migrant stock globally.Research shows that migrant youth experience poorer wellbeing than their non-migrant peers. A cross-sectional follow-up study (1996/97-2012/14) by Kuhn et al (2020) found that compared with non-migrant youths, international young migrants had higher levels of being overweight/obese (23%/52%) and higher risks of stage 1 or higher hypertension (7%/13%). Furthermore, international young migrants showed above-average levels of depressive symptoms (+0.220 SD, 95% CI [0.098, 0.342]; Kuhn et al, 2020).The most vulnerable group are those young people who have experienced trauma through war and are forced to leave their homelands (Miller et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cross-sectional follow-up study (1996/97-2012/14) by Kuhn et al (2020) found that compared with non-migrant youths, international young migrants had higher levels of being overweight/obese (23%/52%) and higher risks of stage 1 or higher hypertension (7%/13%). Furthermore, international young migrants showed above-average levels of depressive symptoms (+0.220 SD, 95% CI [0.098, 0.342]; Kuhn et al, 2020).The most vulnerable group are those young people who have experienced trauma through war and are forced to leave their homelands (Miller et al, 2006). Betancourt et al (2017) compared levels of trauma exposure, mental health needs, and service utilization in refugee, immigrant, and non-migrant US youth, and found refugee youth to have significantly more types of trauma exposure than either US-origin youth (p < .001) or other immigrant youth (p = .001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions Targeting the Wellbeing of Migrant Youths: A Systematic Review of the Literature

et al. 2021

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Migration can affect the physical, mental, emotional, and social wellbeing of individuals and families. This study provides an overview of interventions aimed at improving the wellbeing of young migrants. It identifies knowledge gaps and provides direction for future research. The review process comprises a systematic search of six academic databases, and websites for relevant peer-reviewed and gray literature on the topic. A total of 2,911 records were identified, of which 28 studies met our eligibility criteria for inclusion. Thematic analysis comprised of the description of study characteristics and outcome themes. EPHPP and CASP tools were utilized to assess the methodological quality of studies. The review findings indicate a number of approaches with varying effectivity, however, arts, music, and sports programs showed good results for youth across all migrant groups. Our findings call for further and more high-quality evaluation research, with longitudinal designs that ideally include stakeholder collaboration.

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“…While migration often creates new vulnerabilities, it may also serve as a protective factor for migrants leaving highly disadvantaged contexts. In a comparison of international migrants, internal migrants, and nonmigrants in Bangladesh, Randall Kuhn and colleagues [8] found that people who moved primarily to become guest workers in Gulf Cooperative Countries faced comparable or lower injury and mortality risks compared to those who remained in their country of origin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant and refugee health: Complex health associations among diverse contexts call for tailored and rights-based solutions

Spiegel

Wickramage²,

McGovern

2020

PLoS Med

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Migration is a natural state of humankind and has been documented throughout history. Some people may flee violence and persecution, while others simply seek a better life. Although migration is often classified into these two basic categories, the reality is more complex and nuanced: people migrate for a myriad of interconnected cultural, economic, religious, ethnic, and political reasons. Depending upon the epoch, migration has been seen in a positive or a negative light. Currently, the terms migrant and refugee have become politically charged and are widely misused for political and populist purposes. However, no matter how migration is portrayed at a specific point in time, it will inexorably continue. Thus, the need to ensure the protection, health, and welfare of people on the move is imperative and provides the rationale for the accompanying PLOS Medicine Special Issue on Refugee and Migrant Health [1]. This imperative is not only a matter of humanity and equity but is also necessary for the global economy, as migration is inherently linked to economic growth [2]. The governance needed to provide health services to this diverse and widespread group of people-from low-waged migrant workers and undocumented migrants to refugees-is unclear. How can we attain universal health coverage in this complex and uncertain environment? At the 72nd World Health Assembly in May 2019, a global action plan was agreed upon that seeks to establish a "framework of priorities and guiding principles.. .to promote the health of refugees and migrants." The Global Compact on Migration, developed through intergovernmental negotiations and adopted in December 2018, enshrined health as a cross-cutting priority for migration governance. It is, however, unlikely that governments will apply such frameworks, unfortunately. Despite widespread recognition of the numerous migrationrelated health risks, mobile populations are often met with punitive border policies, arbitrary detention, abuse, and extortion and are denied access to healthcare. All too often, government policies prioritize the politics of xenophobia over their responsibilities to act forcefully to counter them. As human beings, migrants are entitled to universal human rights without discrimination, and to the "highest attainable standard of health" according to international law. Migration health remains at the margins of policy prioritization for most governments, and thus universal health coverage remains elusive for the vast majority of migrants and refugees [3]. Seeking to raise awareness of the health inequities and different contexts faced by migrants and forcibly displaced persons, as well as to promote research, service, and policy innovation in this area, this Special Issue is devoted to migrant and refugee health in the broadest sense.

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Health and well-being of male international migrants and non-migrants in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional follow-up study

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa

The prevalence and contextual correlates of non-communicable diseases among inter-provincial migrants and non-migrants in South Africa

Interventions Targeting the Wellbeing of Migrant Youths: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Migrant and refugee health: Complex health associations among diverse contexts call for tailored and rights-based solutions

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