Health behaviors and obesity among US children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by gender and medication use

Kim, Juhee; Mutyala, Bala Venkata Subbarao; Agiovlasitis, Stamatis; Fernhall, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.003

Cited by 90 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This supports findings from a recent study of a large community sample of children aged 6-17 years which found that compared with children without ADHD, children with unmedicated ADHD were more likely to be rated as inactive. 22 Girls with unmedicated ADHD had higher levels of TV and computer use. This is particularly important given that children generally are spending increased time participating in sedentary activities and less time engaging in physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Studies including sedentary or physical activity measures have either not looked at hyperactivity/ inattention or have used non-standardised measures to assess activity levels and child behaviour. [20][21][22] Some studies report gender differences in the relationship between behaviour, including hyperactivity/inattention, and weight; however, these studies have involved samples of younger children. [23][24][25] It is important to establish whether hyperactive/inattentive children are overrepresented in at-risk groups since they may be less likely to be targeted for activity interventions as many of these target physical health outcomes.…”

Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inattention and hyperactivity in children at risk of obesity: a community cross-sectional study

2013

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ObjectiveThere is a link between the symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention and overweight in children. Less is known about the factors which might influence this relationship, such as physical and sedentary activity levels or exercise self-efficacy. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between the symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention and risk factors for adult obesity in a sample of children with barriers to exercise.DesignChildren aged 9–11 years were recruited from 24 primary schools that participated in the Steps to Active Kids (STAK) physical activity intervention study. Study inclusion criteria were low exercise self-efficacy, teacher-rated overweight or asthma. Children with high levels of physical activity were excluded. Measures included parent and teacher-rated behavioural and emotional well-being using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, physical and sedentary activity levels, BMI (body mass index) and exercise self-efficacy.ResultsOf 424 participating children, 62% were girls and 39% were classified as overweight or obese. As compared with population norms, boys in this at-risk sample were more likely to receive an abnormal teacher-rated hyperactivity/inattention score (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.17). Children with teacher-rated abnormal hyperactivity/inattention scores reported higher levels of sedentary activity (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17), but not physically active activity. The pattern of findings was similar for children with hyperactivity/inattention problems as rated by both parent and teacher (pervasive hyperactivity and impairment).ConclusionsAlthough BMI was not directly related to hyperactivity/inattention, children with risk factors for adult obesity have more hyperactivity/inattention problems. In particular, hyperactivity/inattention is associated with higher levels of sedentary activity. Higher rates of pervasive hyperactivity and impairment were apparent in this at-risk group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inattention and hyperactivity in children at risk of obesity: a community cross-sectional study

2013

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“…Girls were found to have more diffi culty with social isolation and separation anxiety (Willcutt & Pennington, 2000;Levy, Hay, Bennett, & McStephen, 2005 ;Elkins, Malone, Keyes, Iacono, & McGue, 2011 ). Girls with ADHD had more media time associated with higher odds for obesity when not on medication, although children on medication had higher prevalence for depression which remained signifi cant after controlling for obesity ( Kim, Mutyala, Agiovlasitis, & Fernhall, 2011 ). Improvement on Atomoxetine did not diff er for boys and girls ( Wehmeier, Schacht, Dittmann, & Banaschewski, 2010 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Sex Differences and the Interaction of Age and Sleep Issues in Neuropsychological Testing Performance across the Lifespan in an Add/Adhd Sample from the Years 1989 to 2009

Fisher¹,

Garges²,

Yoon³

et al. 2014

Psychol Rep

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Chart review of population (9 to 80 years) neuropsychological test battery for ADHD diagnosis, questionnaires with multiple responders were evaluated in outpatient setting from 1989-2009. The focus was gender differences across age, diagnostic group (ADHD-Inattentive/ADHD plus), neuropsychological test performance, and reported sleep symptoms over the lifespan. Individuals were assigned to ADHD-I group or ADHD plus group (based upon secondary diagnosis of sleep, behavioral, emotional disturbance); ADHD not primary was excluded (brain insult, psychosis). Among these were 1,828 children (ages 9 to 14), adolescents (ages 15 to 17), and adults (ages 18 and above); 446 children (312 diagnosed ADHD-I), 218 adolescents (163 diagnosed ADHD-I), and 1,163 adults (877 ADHD-I). Sleep was problematic regardless of age, ADHD subtype, and gender. The type and number of sleep problems and fatigue were age dependent. ADHD subtype, gender, fatigue, age, and sleep (sleep onset, unrefreshing sleep, sleep maintenance) were significant variables affecting neuropsychological test performance (sequencing, cognitive flexibility, slow- and fast-paced input, divided attention, whole brain functioning). Findings suggest that ADHD involves numerous factors and symptoms beyond attention, such as sleep which interacts differently dependent upon age.

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“…Mediation analysis provided evidence for a mediatory effect of physical inactivity on both the ADHD symptom-obesity and the CD symptomobesity associations. It is possible that social impairments (e.g., peer problems and rule breaking) related to ADHD or CD may hinder child [50][51][52][53] This lack of physical activity could contribute to weight gain over time. Our results show that inattention symptoms are driving the ADHD symptom-physical inactivity-obesity pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Book forum

Sharma

2014

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective: To prospectively investigate the association and directionality between attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and obesity from childhood to adolescence in the general population. We examined whether obesogenic behaviors, namely, physical inactivity and binge eating, underlie the potential ADHD symptom-obesity association. We explored whether childhood conduct disorder (CD) symptoms are related to adolescent obesity/physical inactivity. Method: At 7 to 8 years (n ¼ 8,106), teachers reported ADHD and CD symptoms, and parents reported body mass index (BMI) and physically active play. At 16 years (n ¼ 6,934), parents reported ADHD symptoms; adolescents reported physical activity (transformed to metabolic equivalent of task [MET] hours per week) and binge eating; BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were measured via clinical examination. Obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs for BMI and the 95th percentile cut-off for WHR. Results: Childhood ADHD symptoms significantly predicted adolescent obesity, rather than the opposite. Inattention-hyperactivity symptoms at 8 years were associated with indices of obesity at 16 years (obese BMI: odds ratio [OR] ¼ 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 1.10-3.33; 95th percentile WHR: OR ¼ 1.71, 95% CI ¼ 1.05-2.78), adjusted for gender, baseline BMI, physical activity, family structure change, and maternal education. Child CD symptoms associated with indices of adolescent obesity. Reduced physically active play in childhood predicted adolescent inattention (OR ¼ 1.61, 95% CI ¼ 1.16-2.24). Childhood ADHD and CD symptoms were linked with physical inactivity in adolescence (inattentionhyperactivity; OR ¼ 1.60, 95% CI ¼ 1.20-2.13), but not binge eating. Physical inactivity mediated the associations. Conclusions: Children with ADHD or CD symptoms are at increased risk for becoming obese and physically inactive adolescents. Physical activity may be beneficial for both behavior problems and obesity. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2014;53(4):425-436.

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Health behaviors and obesity among US children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by gender and medication use

Cited by 90 publications

References 25 publications

Inattention and hyperactivity in children at risk of obesity: a community cross-sectional study

Inattention and hyperactivity in children at risk of obesity: a community cross-sectional study

Sex Differences and the Interaction of Age and Sleep Issues in Neuropsychological Testing Performance across the Lifespan in an Add/Adhd Sample from the Years 1989 to 2009

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