Health Benefits of Fasting and Caloric Restriction

Golbidi, Saeid; Daiber, Andreas; Korać, Bato; Li, Huige; Essop, M. Faadiel; Laher, Ismail

doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0951-7

Cited by 179 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Finally, differences between this study and previous reports could be due to implementing time-restricted feeding and prevention of overeating, which improves peripheral metabolism (Anton et al, 2018;Golbidi et al, 2017;Manoogian and Panda, 2017), potentially altering neurometabolism in aged rats regardless of diet. The majority of studies utilizing aged rodents have provided access to food ad libitum throughout the lifespan, resulting in metabolically impaired subjects (Martin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Age and ketogenic diet have dissociable effects on synapse-related gene expression between hippocampal subregions

Hernandez

Truckenbrod

et al. 2019

Preprint

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As the number of individuals living beyond the age of 65 is rapidly increasing, so is the need to develop strategies to combat the age-related cognitive decline that may threaten independent living. Although the link between altered neuronal signaling and age-related cognitive impairments is not completely understood, it is evident that declining cognitive abilities are at least partially due to synaptic dysfunction. Aging is accompanied by well-documented changes in both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic signaling across species. Age-related synaptic alterations are not uniform across the brain, however, with different regions showing unique patterns of vulnerability in advanced age. In the hippocampus, increased activity within the CA3 subregion has been observed across species, and this can be reversed with anti-epileptic medication (Bakker et al., 2012). In contrast to CA3, the dentate gyrus shows reduced activity with age and declining metabolic activity. Ketogenic diets have been shown to decrease seizure incidence and severity in epilepsy, improve metabolic function in diabetes type II, and improve cognitive function in aged rats. This link between neuronal activity and metabolism suggests that metabolic interventions may be able to ameliorate synaptic signaling deficits accompanying advanced age. We therefore investigated the ability of a dietary regimen capable of inducing nutritional ketosis and improving cognition to alter synapse-related gene expression across the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 subregions of the hippocampus.Following 12 weeks of a ketogenic or calorie-matched standard diet, RTq-PCR was used to quantify expression levels of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic signaling genes within CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus. While there were no age or diet-related changes in CA1 gene expression, expression levels were significantly altered within CA3 by age and 3 within the dentate gyrus by diet for several genes involved in presynaptic glutamate regulation and postsynaptic excitation and plasticity. These data demonstrate subregionspecific alterations in synaptic signaling with age and the potential for a ketogenic diet to alter these processes in dissociable ways across different brain structures that are uniquely vulnerable in older animals.4 Introduction:

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Age and ketogenic diet have dissociable effects on synapse-related gene expression between hippocampal subregions

Hernandez

Truckenbrod

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Previous studies showed that long‐term strict energy limitation (5 weeks, 50% intake of the control group) may cause brain 5‐HT system dysfunction, leading to the development of depression and anxiety 100 . Otherwise, strict energy limitation might lead to malnutrition 101 and other metabolic dysfunctions in the body. Our group found that 9‐hour acute CR increased BDNF level in the PFC and hippocampus, resulting in neurogenesis in the subgranular region and producing anti‐depressant‐like effects 27 .…”

Section: Synaptic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid anti‐depressant‐like effects of ketamine and other candidates: Molecular and cellular mechanisms

Peng

Fan

et al. 2020

Cell Proliferation

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Major depressive disorder takes at least 3 weeks for clinical anti-depressants, such as serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, to take effect, and only one-third of patients remit. Ketamine, a kind of anaesthetic, can alleviate symptoms of major depressive disorder patients in a short time and is reported to be effective to treatment-resistant depression patients. The rapid and strong anti-depressant-like effects of ketamine cause wide concern. In addition to ketamine, caloric restriction and sleep deprivation also elicit similar rapid anti-depressant-like effects. However, mechanisms about the rapid anti-depressant-like effects remain unclear. Elucidating the mechanisms of rapid anti-depressant effects is the key to finding new therapeutic targets and developing therapeutic patterns. Therefore, in this review we summarize potential molecular and cellular mechanisms of rapid anti-depressant-like effects based on the pre-clinical and clinical evidence, trying to provide new insight into future therapy.

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“…CR has been performed for the study of physiological and metabolic mechanisms as well as the intracellular signaling pathways leading to weight reduction and improved glucose homeostasis (Golbidi et al, 2017;Veyrat-Durebex et al, 2009). One of the most stable outcomes in animal models of CR is a restitution in glucose tolerance (Matyi et al 2018) and correction of weight by loss of adipose tissue (Dommerholt et al 2018).…”

Section: Impact Of Cr To Enhance Coordinated [Ca 2+ ]I and Gap Junctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric Restriction recovers impaired β-cell-β-cell coupling, calcium oscillation coordination and insulin secretion in prediabetic mice

Amaral

Kravets

Dwulet

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Caloric restriction has been shown to decrease the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanisms underlying the benefits of caloric restriction involved in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis and are not fully understood. Intercellular communication within the islets of Langerhans, mediated by Connexin36 (Cx36) gap junctions, regulates insulin secretion dynamics and glucose homeostasis. The goal of this study was to determine if caloric restriction can protect against decreases in Cx36 gap junction coupling and altered islet function induced in models of obesity and prediabetes. C57BL6 mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD), showing indications of prediabetes after 2 months, including weight gain, insulin resistance, and elevated fasting glucose and insulin levels. Subsequently, mice were submitted to one month of 40% caloric restriction (2g/day of HFD). Mice under 40% caloric restriction showed reversal in weight gain and recovered insulin sensitivity, fasting glucose and insulin levels. In islets of mice fed the HFD, caloric restriction protected against obesity-induced decreases in gap junction coupling and preserved glucose-stimulated calcium signaling, including Ca 2+ oscillation coordination and oscillation amplitude. Caloric restriction also promoted a slight increase in glucose metabolism, as measured by increased NAD(P)H autofluorescence, as well as recovering glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We conclude that declines in Cx36 gap junction coupling that occur in obesity can be completely recovered by caloric restriction and obesity reversal, improving Ca 2+ dynamics and insulin secretion regulation. This suggests a critical role for caloric restriction in the context of obesity to prevent islet dysfunction.

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Health Benefits of Fasting and Caloric Restriction

Cited by 179 publications

References 109 publications

Age and ketogenic diet have dissociable effects on synapse-related gene expression between hippocampal subregions

Age and ketogenic diet have dissociable effects on synapse-related gene expression between hippocampal subregions

Rapid anti‐depressant‐like effects of ketamine and other candidates: Molecular and cellular mechanisms

Caloric Restriction recovers impaired β-cell-β-cell coupling, calcium oscillation coordination and insulin secretion in prediabetic mice

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