Health Care Costs Associated With Incident Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Germany

Kähm, Katharina; Laxy, Michael; Schneider, Udo; Rogowski, W.; Lhachimi, Stefan K.; Holle, Rolf

doi:10.2337/dc17-1763

Cited by 115 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Given that T2DM is a disorder with a metabolically complex nature, it can be suggested that the pathogenesis of diabetes-related CI is multifactorial. 1 However, to date, no study has been conducted particularly to assess the cognitive function of people with T2DM to produce a profound and comprehensive clinical characterization in order to make it possible to examine the effect of numerous cognitive risk factors. Even though macrovascular disease and hypertension per se are considered as major possible risk factors, the odds are that genetic susceptibility plays an important role as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diabetes is considered to be a costly disease worldwide due to its many complications. 1,2 The chronic nature of the disease and its associated complications impose heavy economic burdens and reduce the quality of life for patients and their families. 3,4 According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), out of four diabetic people (352 million people), three are of working age (ie, between 20 and 64 years).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Blood Pressure Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Iran</p>

Jamalnia

Javanmardifard

Akbari

et al. 2020

DMSO

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Purpose: Both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension are regarded as lifethreatening diseases known to be risk factors for vascular diseases. They may be associated with the increased risk of cognitive impairment (CI), although there are conflicting data relating hypertension to the risk of CI. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the probable association between hypertension and CI in patients with T2DM. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the degree of CI of a total of 350 patients with T2DM using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In clinical examinations, the mean of the first, second, and third measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) was recorded. Results: The mean of subjects' MMSE scores was 25.48 ± 3.73. Additionally, the means of SBPSs and DBPs were found to be 118.50 ± 17.27 and 73.47 ± 10.25 mmHg, respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a mild, significant, negative correlation between MMSE scores and those of SBP (r = −0.199, p <0.001) and DBP (r = −0.233, p <0.001). Accordingly, a 1-unit increase in one's SBP would lead to a significant rise in mild CI (2.8%) in comparison with subjects who have normal CIs. However, it was shown that if one's DBP increased by 1 unit, the odds of mild CI occurring would increase significantly by 6.7% compared with those who have normal CIs. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that hypertension might be related to the development of CI in people with a diabetic condition, thus emphasizing the fact that the prevention and treatment of these highly prevalent diseases assume the utmost significance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Blood Pressure Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Iran</p>

Jamalnia

Javanmardifard

Akbari

et al. 2020

DMSO

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“…Our further analysis of healthcare service utilization found that patients with a history of DM-related complications and an increasing number of comorbidities were associated with greater hospitalization admission rates during the event year. Correspondingly, the increase in direct medical costs was associated with poor glycaemic control, 30 treatment intensification, 31 incidence of DM-related complications 23,32 and all-cause mortality. 22 Annual direct medical costs grew by 95.3% from 2481 US$ during the 2 years preceding the SH event to 4846 US$ during the year immediately preceding the SH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct medical costs in the preceding, event and subsequent years of a first severe hypoglycaemia episode requiring hospitalization: A population‐based cohort study

Wong

Tong

Cheng

et al. 2019

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aims:We aimed to estimate the use of healthcare services and the direct medical costs accrued by patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) during the year of the first severe hypoglycaemia (SH) event, as well as during the years before and after the event year. Materials and Methods:We analysed a population-based, retrospective cohort including all adults with DM managed in the primary care setting from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority between 2006 and 2013. DM patients for whom SH was first recorded during the designated period were identified and matched to a control group of patients who had not experienced an SH event using the propensity score method. Direct medical costs in the years before, during and after the first SH event were determined by totalling the costs of health services utilized within respective years.Results: After matching, a total of 22 694 DM patients were divided into the first recorded-SH group (n = 11 347) and the non-SH control group (n = 11 347). Patients for whom SH was first recorded, on average, made 7.85 outpatient clinic visits, made 1.89 emergency visits and spent 17.75 nights hospitalized during the event year. Mean direct medical costs during the event year were 11 751 US$, more than 2-fold that during the preceding year (4846 US$; P < 0.001) and subsequent years (4198-4700 US$; P < 0.001) and was 4.5 times that 2 years before the event (2481 US$; P < 0.001). Incremental costs of SH patients vs matched controls during the event year and the preceding year were 10 873 US$ (P < 0.001) and 3974 US$ (P < 0.001), respectively.Conclusions: SH is associated with excessive hospital admission rates and direct medical costs during the event year and, in particular, during the year before as compared to patients who had not experienced an SH event. K E Y W O R D Scohort study, diabetes mellitus, direct medical cost, healthcare utilization, severe hypoglycaemia

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Section: Backg Rou N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increasing prevalence of diabetes in the world, diabetes and its associated complications, including visual impairment or blindness, caused by DR not only represent a personal disaster, but also become a serious burden to public health (Kähm et al, ). In Canada, diabetes and its associated complications cost $11.7 billion in 2010 and expected to rise to $16 billion by 2020 (Canadian Diabetes Association, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An educational intervention on foot self‐care behaviour among diabetic retinopathy patients with visual disability and their primary caregivers

Guo

2019

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and objectives To assess the effectiveness of a 12‐week educational intervention on foot self‐care behaviour among diabetic retinopathy patients with visual disability and their primary caregivers in China. Background Diabetes with the coexistence of diabetic retinopathy and foot problems complicating diabetes not only represents a personal disaster, but also becomes a serious burden to public health in China. A foot self‐care educational intervention is both cost‐effective and feasible even in a health resource‐limited setting, which should be developed and evaluated. Design Quasi‐experimental. Methods From July–September 2017, we enrolled 80 eligible hospitalised diabetic retinopathy patients and their primary caregivers by convenient sampling method in a first‐class comprehensive hospital in Nantong, in China. Before and after the educational intervention that is in accordance with the TREND statement (for details, see the “Supplementary File 1”), researchers and subjects filled out the self‐designed questionnaire on foot problems complicating diabetes and the Diabetic Foot Self‐care Behavior Scale, respectively. Results Scores of foot self‐care behaviour among the subjects significantly improved from 54.19 ± 8.01–75.85 ± 5.04. The number of patients with fasting blood glucoses <7.0 mmol/L improved from 43 (53.75%)–80 (100%). The results of incidence of foot problems complicating diabetes were not statistically significant. The complete execution of each item in Diabetic Foot Self‐care Behavior Scale of subjects was apparently higher. Conclusions This educational intervention can facilitate positive foot self‐care behaviours among the diabetic retinopathy patients with visual disability and their primary caregivers in China. Relevance to clinical practice. This study adds to the evidence of the effectiveness of an educational intervention to foster positive foot self‐care behaviours. This educational intervention appears to be prospective in promoting diabetic home‐based self‐management in China, and the delivery method of the intervention may be applied to other chronic diseases.

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Health Care Costs Associated With Incident Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Germany

Cited by 115 publications

References 29 publications

<p>Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Blood Pressure Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Iran</p>

<p>Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Blood Pressure Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Iran</p>

Direct medical costs in the preceding, event and subsequent years of a first severe hypoglycaemia episode requiring hospitalization: A population‐based cohort study

An educational intervention on foot self‐care behaviour among diabetic retinopathy patients with visual disability and their primary caregivers

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