Health care for the elderly in Japan: medicine and welfare in an aging society facing a crisis in long term care.

Okamoto, Yuzo

doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6850.403

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The 38), and with the proposition that higher United States expenditures on LTC better meet the needs of the very elderly than the lower LTC expenditures, and less complete LTC service availability, in Japan (39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic disability trends in elderly United States populations: 1982–1994

Mantón

Corder²,

Stallard³

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

579

301

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Statistically significant declines in chronic disability prevalence rates were observed in the elderly United States population between the 1982 and 1989 National Long Term Care Surveys (NLTCS). The 1994 NLTCS was used to investigate whether disability rate declines continued to 1994. The 1982The , 1984The , 1989, and 1994 NLTCS employ the same sample design and instrumentation so that trends in disability can be estimated with minimal sampling and measurement bias. Age (5-year categories from 65 to >95)-specific rates were calculated for the 1982 NLTCS and applied to United States Census Bureau estimates of the 1994 population to calculate chronic disability prevalence rates adjusted for aging in the United States population aged >65. The 1982 age standardized rates were compared with 1994 NLTCS estimates. The prevalence of disability estimated for 1994 (21.3%) was 3.6% lower than the 1982 age standardized rate (24.9%)-a highly significant reduction (t ‫؍‬ ؊8.5; P < < 0.0001). Of the 3.6 percentage point decline in prevalence, 1.7% occurred in the 5 years between 1989 and 1994-compared with the 1.9% decline in the 7 years between 1982 and 1989. Both declines are significant. Because of the shorter time period, the per year decline in disability prevalence from 1989 to 1994 was greater than that from 1982 to 1989. Given the higher acute and long-term care service needs of the disabled elderly population, Medicare, Medicaid, and private health expenditures may be dramatically lower than if declines had not occurred.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic disability trends in elderly United States populations: 1982–1994

Mantón

Corder²,

Stallard³

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

579

301

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“…In 1987, 29 percent of hospital stays were for more than six months; the majority of these hospitalized patients were elderly (69 percent), many of them (40 percent) with strokes. 28 In Denmark, where health care spending is limited to 5.9 percent of the gross national product, there are 6-to-12-month waits for cataract and hip surgery. The wait for cardiac procedures exceeds three months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival after the Age of 80 in the United States, Sweden, France, England, and Japan

1995

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“…We will certainly encounter similar or even greater earthquakes in the future, when the percentage of elderly people in the population will be greater than now 6. We must realise that even a highly organised and affluent society may come to a standstill when it is hit by such a huge disaster.…”

Section: What Have We Learnt For the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%