Health Care Setting Staff Satisfaction in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: The term job satisfaction refers to the attitudes and feelings people have about their work. Positive and favorable attitudes towards their job indicate job satisfaction. Employees who are satisfied with their job are more productive and provide higher quality of care. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar and African Index Medicus databases have been searched based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). Pooled estimate of job satisfaction level was done using random effects model after significant heterogeneity have been checked by subgroup analysis. We used MedCalc and Meta Essentials for statistical analysis. Publication bias was checked using Egger's test and funnel plot. Results: The pooled proportion of health care workers’ satisfaction at health facilities in Ethiopia was 50.31% (95%, CI: 45.59- 55.01) for Random effects model at Q=957.8331 ( I2 (inconsistency)= 95.93%, P < 0.0001). Associated factors for job satisfaction level of health workers during this review were; autonomy (POR = 5.79, 95% CI: 1.99 - 16.90), on job training (POR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.69 - 5.67), organizational policy (POR=4.71, 95% CI: 2.09 - 10.61), reward/recognition (POR=4.58,95% CI: 1.51 - 13.84), satisfied with monthly salary (POR=3.89, 95% CI: 1.77 - 8.54), adequate supervision (POR=5.34, 95% CI: 3.72 - 7.67) and work environment (POR=5.44, 95% CI: 2.80 - 10.58) Conclusion: Half of the health workers at health facilities in Ethiopia were satisfied with their job. This result was lower than job satisfaction level of other parts of the world, even in African countries. This discrepancy might be due to variations in socio economic and political status, and studied health worker category. Health facilities should strive to have good working environment, opportunities for training, adequate monthly salary, supportive supervision and conducive organizational policy.