Health Care Utilization Among Drug-Using and Non-Drug-Using Women

Sterk, Claire E.; Theall, Katherine P.; Elifson, Kirk W.

doi:10.1093/jurban/79.4.586

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although HIV counseling and testing and prevention and treatment of STDs have been implemented in several resource-rich and resource-constrained countries and have been associated with various levels of success, only a small proportion of IDUs in resourcerich and resource-constrained countries have received HAART for HIV. Issues related to cost and availability of a well-developed infrastructure affect this limited access (Dawson-Rose et al, 2005;Ksobiech and Malow, 2005;Masson et al, 2004;Sterk et al, 2002).…”

Section: Health-related Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Semaan

Jarlais

Malow

2006

Substance Use & Misuse

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Prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV between and from drug users is important for controlling the local and global HIV heterosexual epidemic. Sex risk reduction interventions and health-related interventions are important for reducing the sex risk behaviors of drug users. Sex risk reduction interventions address individual-level, peer-level, and structural-level determinants of risk reduction. Health-related interventions include HIV counseling and testing, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and delivery of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It is important to adapt effective interventions implemented in resource-rich countries to the realities of the resourceconstrained settings and to address relevant contextual factors.RESUMEN-Il est important de prévenir la transmission hétérosexuelle du VIH à partir des usagers de drogue pour contrôler l'épidémie hétérosexuelle locale et mondiale de VIH. Des interventions ciblant à la fois la réduction de risque sexuel et la santé des usagers de drogue sont nécessaires. Les interventions de réduction de risque sexuel prennent en compte le niveau individuel, le niveau des pairs et celui des déterminants structurels de la réduction des risques. Les interventions visant l'amélioration de la santé comprennent le conseil et le dépistage du VIH, la prévention et le traitement des infections sexuellement transmissibles et la prescription d'antirétroviraux. Il est important d'adapter les interventions efficaces mises en place dans les pays riches aux réalités des contextes de pays à ressources limitées et de tenir compte des facteurs contextuels pertinents. Keywords global research; HIV; injection drug use; research interventions; sexual risk HIV Infection and Injection Drug UsersInjection drug use continues to complicate the control of the global HIV epidemic (UNAIDS, 2004). In 2003, 136 countries reported injecting drug use and 93 countries reported HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs) (World Health Organization, 2003). IDUs are at risk for infection with HIV through both multiperson use ("sharing") of drug injection equipment and through unsafe sex behaviors (Aceijas et al., 2004). Although the scope and effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV infection through drug injection equipment has been well documented in the literature (Des Jarlais et al., 2005;Quan et This review describes sex risk reduction interventions with drug users and their effectiveness in reducing sexual risk behaviors of IDUs and other drug users. We highlight the needs and opportunities for these interventions, discuss the generalizability of the results to resourceconstrained settings, and outline the implications for global research efforts and public health practice. Although our literature review is not comprehensive, it highlights many areas that affect sexual transmission of HIV to and from drug users in both resource-rich and resourceconstrained settings. Efforts to reduce substance abuse and HIV risk associated with injection behav...

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Section: Health-related Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Semaan

Jarlais

Malow

2006

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…[14][15][16] Furthermore, women have higher rates of stimulant dependence, more severe forms of stimulant addiction and lower rates of treatment than men, [20][21][22][23] which may result in differential levamisole exposure. In addition, sex differences in both the pharmacokinetics of HIV medication 24 and the natural course of HIV disease 25 have been identified.…”

Section: Design and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Levamisole-Contaminated Cocaine Use in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Unstably Housed Women

Riley

Kral

Cohen

et al. 2016

Journal of Women's Health

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A growing number of case reports cite serious health complications linked to the cocaine adulterant, levamisole and women are disproportionately affected; however, the clinical effects are not well established. Between April and October of 2010, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 222 homeless and unstably housed women (116 human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-infected and 106 HIV-uninfected). Immune markers and behavioral factors were compared in separate models by cocaine and levamisole exposure. Overall, 63% of participants were toxicology positive for cocaine/benzoylecgonine, 85% of whom also tested positive for levamisole. Differences in immune markers did not reach levels of significance among HIV-uninfected persons. Compared to HIV-infected persons who were negative for both cocaine and levamisole, the adjusted odds of low white blood cell count were significantly higher among HIV-infected persons positive for both ( p = 0.03), but not for those positive for cocaine only. Neutrophil count and HIV viral load did not differ by cocaine and levamisole status among HIV-infected persons. In a separate model, the adjusted odds of testing positive for levamisole were higher among African American women compared to Caucasian and Asian women ( p = 0.02). In the context of high levamisole prevalence, results suggest that decreased immune function as a result of levamisole exposure occurs mainly in individuals who are already immune compromised (e.g., HIV-positive), and race/ethnicity appears to be an important factor in understanding levamisole exposure among cocaine-using women. While larger and geographically diverse studies are needed to elucidate these initial findings, results suggest that levamisole may be one mechanism of immune dysfunction in HIV-infected cocaine-using women.

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“…Research on health services utilization patterns among chronic drug users has traditionally focused on individuals who are HIV positive, but some authors have more recently focused on the utilization patterns of drug users in general (Cherpitel, 2003;Falck, Wang, Siegal, & Carlson, 2003;French et al, 2000;Sterk, Theall, & Elifson, 2002;Zavala & French, 2003). Injection drug users (IDUs) living with HIV are less likely to use outpatient services than other chronic drug users (OCDUs-crack or cocaine users), but more likely to have frequent and longer hospitalizations (Celentano et al, 1998;Mauskopf et al, 1994;Solomon, Frank, Vlahov, & Astemborski, 1991;Solomon et al, 1998;Stein, 1990).…”

Section: Primary Health Care Utilization Among Chronic Drug Usersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Sources of Health Information and Access to Preventive Care Among Low Income Chronic Drug Users

Dunleavy¹,

Crandall²,

Metsch³

2005

Communication Research Reports

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Much of health research that examines patterns of health utilization for chronic drug users fails to account for the role of media use and health information seeking. This paper suggests that the nature of drug use is associated with a decreased health orientation that is manifested in media selection and consumption. A comparative analysis was conducted to examine: (1) the differential health perceptions as a function of drug use, (2) the sources of information used, and (3) the relationship between sources of information and primary health care access among chronic users of illicit drugs and socio-demographically similar persons who are not chronic drug users. Results point to both common as well as differential patterns of health information sources. Logistic regression analysis found that medically related sources such as doctors and pamphlets are important sources associated with increased primary care. Important implications are discussed.

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Health Care Utilization Among Drug-Using and Non-Drug-Using Women

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Behavior Change and Health-Related Interventions for Heterosexual Risk Reduction Among Drug Users

Levamisole-Contaminated Cocaine Use in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Unstably Housed Women

A Comparative Study of Sources of Health Information and Access to Preventive Care Among Low Income Chronic Drug Users

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