Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity.

Watson, David; Pennebaker, James W.

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.2.234

Cited by 2,815 publications

(2,325 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…It focuses specifically on negative affect without including items relating to somatic complaints or health. It has demonstrated good internal consistency (r = .82, n = 872) (Watson & Pennebaker, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

An investigation of the health beliefs and motivations of complementary medicine clients

Sirois

Gick

2002

Social Science & Medicine

225

164

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

An investigation of the health beliefs and motivations of complementary medicine clients

Sirois

Gick

2002

Social Science & Medicine

225

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Individuals who report frequent nightmares also report higher levels of neuroticism, a global personality dimension conceptually and empirically related to propensity for negative emotional reactivity (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975;Watson & Pennebaker, 1989). Three independent investigations (Berquier & Ashton, 1992;Blagrove et al, 2004;Zadra & Donderi, 2000) demonstrated significantly higher levels of neuroticism as measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) for individuals with frequent nightmares compared with controls.…”

Section: Nightmares Are Associated With Neuroticism and Global Symptomentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: A review and neurocognitive model.

Levin

Nielsen

2007

Psychological Bulletin

527

557

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Nightmares are common, occurring weekly in 4%-10% of the population, and are associated with female gender, younger age, increased stress, psychopathology, and dispositional traits. Nightmare pathogenesis remains unexplained, as do differences between nontraumatic and posttraumatic nightmares (for those with or without posttraumatic stress disorder) and relations with waking functioning. No models adequately explain nightmares nor have they been reconciled with recent developments in cognitive neuroscience, fear acquisition, and emotional memory. The authors review the recent literature and propose a conceptual framework for understanding a spectrum of dysphoric dreaming. Central to this is the notion that variations in nightmare prevalence, frequency, severity, and psychopathological comorbidity reflect the influence of both affect load, a consequence of daily variations in emotional pressure, and affect distress, a disposition to experience events with distressing, highly reactive emotions. In a cross-state, multilevel model of dream function and nightmare production, the authors integrate findings on emotional memory structures and the brain correlates of emotion.Keywords: nightmares, distress, neurophysiology of fear memory, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychopathology Nightmares are the most common form of disturbed dreaming. Vivid, with emotions escalating at times to the brink of terror, they are manifestations of the dramatic autonomic and cognitive fluctuations that can arise during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and, under certain circumstances, during Stage 2 sleep. Nightmares can be simple and benign or so emotionally severe that they beg for comparison with psychotic episodes (C. Fisher, Byrne, Edwards, & Kahn, 1970;Hartmann, 1984;Sullivan, 1962). Occasional nightmares are almost ubiquitous in the general population. However, frequent distressing nightmares are more common than generally thought, affecting 4%-10% of individuals by conservative estimates. Nightmares are also extremely common following trauma exposure. Posttraumatic nightmares may depict traumarelated content and, in cases of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may at times replicate the trauma with great distress (for review, see Mellman & Pigeon, 2005).There has been a proliferation of experimental work on posttraumatic and nontraumatic nightmares in the past 15 years, the vast majority of which has examined the psychopathological correlates of individuals with frequent nightmares. Furthermore, recent advances in neuroscience have greatly expanded our understanding of dreaming and related brain functions (Maquet, 2000;Maquet et al., 2000) as well as the pathogenic mechanisms implicated in fear conditioning and the development of PTSD (LeDoux, 2000;Ohman & Mineka, 2001). However, despite the clear implications of these developments for understanding nightmares, there are still no comprehensive models of nightmare etiology and no conceptual frameworks for understanding the link between posttraumatic and nontraumatic nightm...

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“…Extraversion has also been associated with higher levels of positive affect (Watson & Pennebaker, 1989). As such, extraversion can be expected to be associated with more positive relationships between parents and children.…”

Section: Extraversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be noted that whereas emotional stability may tap into normal individual differences in depressive affect, it cannot be automatically equated with the pathological syndrome of depression. Finally, a low level of emotional stability has been linked to negative response tendencies in filling out questionnaires (Watson & Pennebaker, 1989). In parents, Belsky and Barends (2002) reviewed extensive evidence that depressive mood (associated with low emotional stability) is related to less competent caregiving (but see Prinzie et al, 2004).…”

Section: Emotional Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

It takes two to tango: How parents’ and adolescents’ personalities link to the quality of their mutual relationship.

Denissen

Aken

Dubas

2009

Developmental Psychology

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According to J. Belsky's (1984) process model of parenting, both adolescents' and parents' personality should exert a significant impact on the quality of their mutual relationship. Using multi-informant, symmetric data on the Big Five personality traits and the relationship quality of mothers, fathers, and two adolescent children, the current study set out to test this prediction. Adolescents' agreeableness and parents' extraversion emerged as predictors of relationship warmth, whereas parents' openness emerged as a predictor of low restrictive control. In addition, some gender-specific effects emerged. Overall, parents' and adolescents' traits equally predicted the amount of relationship warmth, whereas adolescents' unique personality more strongly predicted the amount of restrictive control. The predictive power of adolescents' personality increased with age. Personality characteristics that affected relationship quality were partly shared between parents and their adolescent children. Findings support Belsky's (1984) notion that both parents' and children's personality predict the quality of their mutual relationship, though the relative predictive power of children and parents depends on the type of outcome variable and the age of the children.

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Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity.

Cited by 2,815 publications

References 170 publications

An investigation of the health beliefs and motivations of complementary medicine clients

An investigation of the health beliefs and motivations of complementary medicine clients

Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: A review and neurocognitive model.

It takes two to tango: How parents’ and adolescents’ personalities link to the quality of their mutual relationship.

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