Health Consequences of Childhood Obesity

Ak, Saha; Sarkar, Neille; Chatterjee, Tapabrata

doi:10.1007/s12098-011-0489-7

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On the other hand, the rate of 10.1% hypertensive black Bantu Congolese children in this study is intermediate between those from non-Bantu Sudanese and Egyptian children [5, 11] and that of 29.4% black Bantu South African children [6]. These differences are related to standards of developing or emerging economies, overweight/obesity [17–19], and ethnic/genetic factors [3, 22]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Prehypertension and Hypertension among Schoolchildren in Brazzaville, Congo

Mbolla

Okoko

Babéla

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hypertension

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Background. To determine the prevalence and associated factors of prehypertension (pre-HT) and hypertension (HT) in schoolchildren at Brazzaville (Congo). Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2011 in five representative urban schools in Brazzaville. American Pediatric Society's definition of pre-HT and HT was used. The measurement of blood pressure was obtained using auscultator method. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to establish associations between blood pressure levels and sociobiographical factors. Results. 603 children were included. The mean age was 11.8 ± 3.6 years (range 5–18 years). The prevalence of pre-HT was 20.7% (n = 125). Factors associated with pre-HT were secondary school (P = 0.02), private schools (P < 0.004), migrants (P = 0.03), the obese (P = 0.004), high socioeconomic level (P < 0.01), and overweight (P = 0.02). In logistic regression, the independent determinants of pre-HT were secondary school (P = 0.0001), migration (P = 0.04), obesity (P = 0.004), and overweight (P = 0.01). The prevalence of HT was 10.1% (n = 61) during the first screening and 3.3% (n = 20) in second screening. The independent determinants of HT were obesity (P = 0.0001) and overweight (P = 0.0001). Conclusion. Pre-HT and HT are emerging as a mass problem in Congolese schoolchildren with urban migration and overweight/obesity to be controlled and prevented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The literature reports much higher prevalence of pre-HT children with overweight or obesity [6, 18, 19]. Moreover, after migration from rural areas toward town of Brazzaville, urbanization and westernization are driving both epidemiological transition and nutrition transition characterized by changes in lifestyle and dietary habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehypertension and Hypertension among Schoolchildren in Brazzaville, Congo

Mbolla

Okoko

Babéla

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hypertension

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“…The prevalence of obesity in adolescence has increased worldwide (Saha, Sarkar, & Chatterjee, 2011), and this has become a major public health concern (Swinburn, Gill, & Kumanyika, 2005). Obesity during childhood may influence the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis in adult life, being related to cardiometabolic comorbidities such as hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (Swinburn et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health markers in obese adolescents improved by a 12-week recreational soccer program: a randomised controlled trial

Vasconcellos

Seabra²,

Cunha

et al. 2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

139

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The effects of a recreational soccer program (RSP) upon body composition, heart rate variability (HRV), biochemical markers, cardio-respiratory fitness, and endothelial function in obese adolescents were investigated. A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted with 30 adolescents aged 12-17 years and body mass index (BMI) >2 standard deviations of WHO reference values, which were assigned to RSP (n = 10, 2 girls) and obese control (n = 10, 4 girls) groups. The 12-week RSP included 60-min sessions performed 3 times/week. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, insulin, C-reactive protein, HRV, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were evaluated following standardised procedures. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and endothelial function by venous occlusion plethysmography. After intervention, RSP exhibited significant reductions in BMI (-0.7 ± 0.2 kg · m(-2)), waist circumference (-8.2 ± 1.4 cm), %body fat (-2.2 ± 0.4%), systolic blood pressure (-5.0 ± 2.3 mmHg), total cholesterol (-16.2 ± 5.8 mg · dL(-1)), triglycerides (-20.5 ± 12.9 mg · dL(-1)), C-reactive protein (-0.06 ± 0.01 mg · dL(-1)), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, -1.4 ± 0.6), and sympathetic activity (LF, -13.9 ± 6.6 un) vs. controls (P < 0.05). Significant increase was observed in parasympathetic activity (HF, 13.9 ± 6.6 un), VO2peak (7.9 ± 2.8 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.0 ± 6.3 mg · dL(-1)) (P < 0.05). Vascular conductance (19.5 ± 8.1 ml · min(-1) · 100 ml, P = 0.005) increased and vascular resistance (-5.9 ± 2.4 ml · min(-1) · 100 ml, P = 0.041) decreased in RSP, but not in controls. A 12-week recreational soccer intervention was effective to improve biochemical, cardiovascular, and fitness health markers in obese adolescents.

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“…The adoption of a sedentary lifestyle, with low levels of physical activity (PA) and a hypercaloric diet and low fiber intake are important factors for increasing prevalence of overweight, obesity and, consequently, metabolic disorders 3,4 . The rapid increase in prevalence and severity of obesity in younger individuals is likely to increase cardiovascular diseases incidence worldwide 5 . It is estimated that 20% of teens from western countries are overweight or obese 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Markers in Adolescents: Systematic Review

Miranda

Amorim

Oliveira

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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The accumulation of body fat is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Obesity can be considered a chronic systemic inflammatory disease in adults and younger people. The control of subclinical inflammation process through the practice of physical activity (PA) can mitigate the effects of risk factors that trigger atherosclerosis that worsens with advancing age. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the influence of physical activity and/or exercise on cardiometabolic markers and othrer risk factors of cardiovascular disease in adolescents. A systematic review was conducted in electronic databases Scopus, Pubmed, Conchrane Collection and SciELO. The terms used in the search were "cardiovascular diseases AND inflammation AND adolescents AND physical activity OR exercise". A total of 24 original articles were evaluated, being 14 longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional studies. Overall, 16 articles (66.66%) showed that PA, exercise and/or sedentary behavior may have influenced or have been related to the concentration of cardiometabolic markers. All studies that examined lifestyle changes showed reduction of cardiometabolic markers. Some limitations were observed: reduced samples, lack of dietary prescription, evaluation and control of volume and intensity of exercise. Most of the studies analyzed showed that the physical activity could influence and decrease the concentrations of cardiometabolic markers in adolescents. However, studies with representative sample size and precise control in assessing the level of physical activity and/or exercise are required to determine accurately the changes that the more active lifestyle can bring on inflammatory process, as well as other risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents.

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Health Consequences of Childhood Obesity

Abstract: Obesity in childhood causes cardiovascular and endocrine dysregulation with onset of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome even in absence of significant evidence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in this age group.

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Prehypertension and Hypertension among Schoolchildren in Brazzaville, Congo

Prehypertension and Hypertension among Schoolchildren in Brazzaville, Congo

Health markers in obese adolescents improved by a 12-week recreational soccer program: a randomised controlled trial

Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Markers in Adolescents: Systematic Review

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