Health disparities in Canada today: Some evidence and a theoretical framework

Frohlich, Katherine L.; Ross, Nancy A.; Richmond, Chantelle

doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.12.010

Cited by 231 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Thus, one of the most widely-cited definitions of health inequity is that it "refers to differences in health which are considered unfair and unjust. Health disparities are a major public health and social justice concern as even in the most affluent of countries, less well off members of populations suffer from a disproportionate amount of morbidity, and live shorter lives, than those who are better off Frohlich et al 2006 …”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health disparities are therefore a major public health and social justice concern as even in the most affluent of countries, less well off members of populations suffer from a disproportionate amount of morbidity, and live shorter lives than those who are better off (Pradhan et al 2003Frohlich et al 2006. This study therefore sets out to answer the following pertinent questions: What is the level of access to health care delivery?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposition Analysis of Health Inequality among Rural Households in Nigeria

Awoniyi¹,

Adetola²,

Abiodun³

2011

JAS

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This study profiled and decomposed health inequality among rural households in Nigeria. Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire data obtained by National Bureau of Statistics in 2006 was used. The data set comprised of 59,567 rural households. Data were analyzed using generalized entropy and Shapley decomposition.Level of disparity in access to health care service is 0.320. North East and South West Zone have the highest (0.333) and least incidence of health inequality (0.286). Furthermore, more than 80% of health inequality is as a result of dynamics within various socio-economic groups.The study therefore concludes that health inequality exists in Nigeria especially in the North and there is the need for increased commitment by all stakeholders in order for the country to be able to achieve the millennium development goals on health issues which are to reduce child mortality, improve maternal health and combat AIDS, malaria and other diseases

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition Analysis of Health Inequality among Rural Households in Nigeria

Awoniyi¹,

Adetola²,

Abiodun³

2011

JAS

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“…Research has shown that Aboriginal peoples tend to experience disparities in health status and have unequal access to health services when compared to non-Aboriginal populations (Frohlich, Ross, & Richmond, 2006). In addition, research has found that Aboriginal populations tend to have shorter life expectancies, higher rates of mortality from accidents or injuries and higher rates of chronic health conditions (Castellano, 2004;Macmillan, Macmillan, Offord, & Dingle, 2000;Waldram et al, 2006;Wilson & Young, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics of Biological Sampling Research with Aboriginal Communities in Canada

Nowrouzi¹,

McGregor²,

McDougall³

et al. 2016

GJHS

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Background: The objective of this paper is to identify key ethical issues associated with biological sampling in Aboriginal populations in Canada and to recommend approaches that can be taken to address these issues. Methods:Our work included the review of notable biological sampling cases and issues. We examined several significant cases (Nuu-chah-nult people of British Columbia, Hagahai peoples of Papua New Guinea and the Havasupai tribe of Arizona) on the inappropriate use of biological samples and secondary research in Aboriginal populations by researchers. Results:Considerations for biological sampling in Aboriginal communities with a focus on community-based participatory research involving Aboriginal communities and partners are discussed. Recommendations are provided on issues of researcher reflexivity, ethical considerations, establishing authentic research relationships, ownership of biological material and the use of community-based participatory research involving Aboriginal communities. Conclusions:Despite specific guidelines for Aboriginal research, there remains a need for biological sampling protocols in Aboriginal communities. This will help protect Aboriginal communities from unethical use of their biological materials while advancing biomedical research that could improve health outcomes.

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“…Alarming disparities exist in the health status and behaviours of Aboriginal compared to nonAboriginal people. [1][2][3][4][5] For example, a population-based study in Manitoba reported that the life expectancy for registered First Nations people is about eight years shorter than all other Manitobans. 5 Rates of daily smoking are more than twice as high among Aboriginal compared to non-Aboriginal people: 46.0% for on-reserve First Nations, 41.5% for off-reserve Aboriginal people, and 22.1% for non-Aboriginal people.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community- and individual-level factors associated with smoking and heavy drinking among Aboriginal people in Canada

Kyu

Georgiades

MacMillan

et al. 2015

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: 1) To examine the association between place of residence (i.e., on-versus off-communities and between provinces) and daily smoking and heavy drinking among Aboriginal people in Canada; and 2) to identify community-and individual-level factors that may account for these associations. RESULTS: Living in First Nations communities (compared with living off-communities) was associated with daily smoking, and this association was accounted for by perceived community social problems. However, the association between Inuit communities and daily smoking remained after controlling for all covariates (odds ratio (OR) = 1.97, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.44-2.70). Residence in First Nations communities was associated with heavy drinking (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.17-2.04), however this risk became evident only after controlling for community SES, which was also positively associated with heavy drinking (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.26-1.69). Compared with Saskatchewan, Aboriginal people in Atlantic Provinces (OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 2.08-3.78) or Territories (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.01-1.92) were more likely to engage in heavy drinking. METHODS: CONCLUSION:Studies are needed to better understand the increased risk for smoking in Inuit communities and heavy drinking in First Nations communities, Atlantic Provinces and Territories, and to identify possible reasons for the positive association between community SES and heavy drinking among Aboriginal people.KEY WORDS: Aboriginal people; place of residence; smoking; heavy drinking La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Health disparities in Canada today: Some evidence and a theoretical framework

Cited by 231 publications

References 48 publications

Decomposition Analysis of Health Inequality among Rural Households in Nigeria

Decomposition Analysis of Health Inequality among Rural Households in Nigeria

Ethics of Biological Sampling Research with Aboriginal Communities in Canada

Community- and individual-level factors associated with smoking and heavy drinking among Aboriginal people in Canada

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