Health Education Module Based on Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills (IMB) for Reducing Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Adolescents in Boarding Schools: A Clustered Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among adolescents have become a public health concern. The aim of this study was to develop, implement, and measure an IMB-based health education intervention module for reducing DAS among adolescents in boarding schools in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. A single-blinded cluster randomised control trial (RCT) was conducted among students with abnormal DASS-21 scores. They were divided into an intervention group (three schools, 62 participants) and a control group (three schools, 57 participants). Participants in the intervention group received IMB-based health education, while participants in the control group underwent the standard care session. To determine the effectiveness of the intervention, the Generalised Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis was conducted. A total of 119 students participated in this study, and no loss to follow-up was reported. Both intervention and control groups showed significantly reduced DAS scores (p < 0.005). However, the reduction of these scores was greater in the intervention group. The GLMM analysis revealed that the intervention was effective in reducing depression (ß = −2.400, t = −3.102, SE = 0.7735, p = 0.002, 95% CI = −3.921, −0.878), anxiety (ß = −2.129, t = −2.824, SE = 0.7541, p = 0.005, 95% CI = −3.612, −0.646), and stress (ß = −1.335, t = −2.457, SE = 0.536, p = 0.015, 95% CI = −2.045, −0.266) among adolescents. The IMB-based health education module was effective in reducing DAS among adolescents in boarding schools.

Relationship between self-management of patients with anxiety disorders and their anxiety level and quality of life: A cross-sectional study

“…However, it is worth noting that in this study, the lowest score on the medical management of illness dimension of self-management was 1, indicating that some patients had a significant lack of knowledge related to anxiety symptom recognition, medication management and emotional management. This reminds healthcare professionals that they should increase education on disease related knowledge for anxious patients, such as through some online live video courses, graphic knowledge push or offline health talks and discharge education, so as to improve patients' disease knowledge and promote self-management [28][29][30].…”

The Effect of School-Linked Module-Based Friendly-Health Education on Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge, Guji Zone, Ethiopia - Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

“…It provides strengths and capabilities that help adolescents develop a positive attitude and handle issues effectively with confidence. 4,5 Various studies have proven the effectiveness of implementing Sexual and reproductive health education intervention programs in general education. 6,7 However, SRH education is far from institutionalized in most developing countries.…”

An Overview of Student’s Anxiety in Assalafiyah Ii Mlangi Boarding School Yogyakarta Based on Age and Gender

“…The inadequate response to this problem has caused adolescents to suffer, face disability and even death, and interfere with their education and ability to reach their full potential (Dapari et al, 2022). To make it worse, the recent COVID-19 pandemic may worsen depression, stress, and anxiety conditions among adolescents.…”