Health Effects Associated with Wastewater Treatment, Reuse, and Disposal

Li, Yuan; Qu, Xiaoyan; Yu, Ruoren; Ikehata, Keisuke

doi:10.2175/106143015x14338845156623

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As early as the end of last century, there were scholars who realized that the biggest obstacle to recycled water reuse promotion is not backward technology, but low acceptability (ACC) of the public. In purifying recycled water from sewage, any malfunction of the technology and human error may permit passage of some harmful microbiological and chemical residue [5]. Therefore, the public's concern about the health risk caused by recycled water is also an important reason for low ACC [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Phenomenon of Chinese Residents’ Spiritual Contagion for the Reuse of Recycled Water Based on SC-IAT

Liu

2017

Water

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Recycled water has been widely recognized in the world as an effective approach to relieve the issue of water shortage. Meanwhile, with several decades of development, the insufficiency of technology is no longer the primary factor that restricts the popularization of recycled water. What makes it difficult to promote the concept of reusing recycled water in China? To solve this issue, a special experiment on the public's attitude towards the reuse of recycled water was designed based on a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), so as to avoid factors like social preference that can influence the survey results, and to gain the public's negative implicit attitude towards reusing recycled water reuse, which is close to the public's real attitude to it. From the perspective of implicit attitude, this research testifies the "spiritual contagion" phenomenon of the public, which refers to refusing recycled water reuse because recycled water is made from sewage treatment. By comparing the implicit attitude to recycled water reuse with the explicit attitude that is acquired from self-reporting questionnaires about reusing recycled water, this research finds that the implicit attitude is more positive than the explicit attitude, which accounts for the phenomenon of "best game no one played" in the promotion of the recycled water reuse, that is, the public though applauding the environment-friendly policy, will not actually use the recycled water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Phenomenon of Chinese Residents’ Spiritual Contagion for the Reuse of Recycled Water Based on SC-IAT

Liu

2017

Water

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“…Authors have reported illnesses in workers that are new to WWTP facilities. 8,10,14,23 These illnesses were characterized by symptoms of weakness, headaches, fever, diarrhea and abdominal pains. The current body of literature shows a significant association between proximity to WWTP and the incidence of enteric illnesses.…”

Section: Aerosol Flux and Emission Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9−24 Much of the research has focused on bacteria and fungi as well as endotoxins. 11,17,21,23,24 Fewer studies have investigated airborne viruses, 9,16,18,19,22 which are pertinent to this study as viral particles are in the ultrafine range (20−300 nm).…”

Section: Aerosol Flux and Emission Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number and real-time size distribution of these particles once they leave the basin are not well understood and require in situ measurements to understand changes in the aerosol physical properties. Epidemiological studies, biological assays and filter data suggests that airborne emissions from WWTP exist and impact health and regional air quality. − However, little literature is available on the concentration and the distribution of PM 0.1 emitted by aerobic processes. Furthermore, there is no published relationship between the previous emission data and parameters that describe the process of organic removal in WWTPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time Ultrafine Aerosol Measurements from Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Piqueras¹,

Castelluccio³

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Airborne particle emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) have been associated with health repercussions but particulate quantification studies are scarce. In this study, particulate matter (PM) number concentrations and size distributions in the ultrafine range (7-300 nm) were measured from two different sources: a laboratory-scale aerobic bioreactor and the activated sludge aeration basins at Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD). The relationships between wastewater parameters (total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS)), aeration flow rate and particle concentrations were also explored. A significant positive relationship was found between particle concentration and WWTP variables (COD: r(10) = 0.876, p <.001, TOC: r(10) = 0.664, p <.05, TSS: r(10) = 0.707, p <.05, aeration flow rate: r(8) = 0.988, p <.0001). A theoretical model was also developed from empirical data to compare real world WWTP aerosol number emission fluxes with laboratory data. Aerosol number fluxes at OCSD aerated basins (9.8 × 10 lbs/min·cm) and the bioreactor (7.95 × 10 lbs/min·cm) were calculated and showed a relatively small difference (19%). The ultrafine size distributions from both systems were consistent, with a mode of ∼48 nm. The average mass concentration (7.03 μg/cm) from OCSD was relatively small compared to other urban sources. However, the in-tank average number concentration of airborne particles (14 480 lbs/cm) was higher than background ambient concentrations.

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“…Jiang et al (2015) reviewed the human and environmental health risks and benefits associated with rainwater harvesting and stormwater use using the techniques of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Li, Qu et al (2015) conducted a review of the literature published in 2014 on topics relating to public and environmental health risks related to sewage disposal, reuse and treatment. The topics covered included chemical and microbial hazards, wastewater management, wastewater reuse, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), sludge and biosolids, and wastewater disposal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%