Health effects associated with wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal

Abstract

This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2018 on issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal. The literature review on the above issues divided into number of sections, and these sections include management of wastewater, wastewater reuse with focus on microbial hazards, and chemical hazards. Further, the review also provides some recent research related to wastewater treatment plants, disposal of wastewater, sludge, and biosolids management.Practitioner points This paper highlights the review of scientific literature published in the year 2018. Review provide issues related to health risks associated with human and the general environment on the reuse of wastewater, treatment as well as disposal. Literature review covers selected papers relevant to the topic.

Editorial Perspectives: 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): what is its fate in urban water cycle and how can the water research community respond?

“…Existing scientific research on viruses in water and wastewater recycling processes has also produced substantial evidence of the routes of human infection by pathogens in water. 12 Because coronaviruses can remain infectious for days in sewage and for longer periods in drinking water, water contaminated by coronaviruses is a potential vehicle for human exposure if aerosols are generated. 5,8 For example, during the 2003 SARS outbreak, the aerosolization of water droplets containing coronaviruses from a leaking sewage pipe in a residential apartment resulted in a cluster of cases spread through a community in Hong Kong.…”

Possible effects of COVID-19 on sustainability of aquatic ecosystems: An overview

“…It is therefore a point of call to know the longevity of the virus once discharged into wastewater to preserve aquatic ecosystems (Leung et al 2003). Based on the SARS-CoV pandemic in 2003, it was reported that the virus can survive and multiply within a short period if disinfection is not done and can be contagious (Wigginton et al 2015;Choudri and Charabi, 2019).…”

“…Scientific researchers have reported the possibility of human infection of viruses from water and wastewaters (Choudri and Charabi, 2019). The virus can remain active for days in sewage and it can be transmitted from wastewater to humans if aerosols are generated (Hung, 2003;Casanova et al 2009).…”

Residuals, sludge, and biosolids: Advancements in the field

“…Multiple studies examined the potential health impacts and risk assessment associated with sludge and biosolids. Choudri and Charabi (2019) present a review of the literature related to health risks associated with the reuse of wastewater, including sludge and biosolids. Nkinahamira et al (2019) presented risk in terms of mobility and retention time of a suite of 48 elements in land application conditions with Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, Sr, Ca, Mn, Mo, Re, and W having the highest mobility and lowest retention times.…”