Health effects of air pollution exposure on children and adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil

Braga, Alfésio Luı́s Ferreira; Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento; Pereira, Luiz Alberto Amador; Menezes, Joaquim J. C.; Conceição, Gleice M.S.; Lin, Chin An; Zanobetti, Antonella; Schwartz, Joel; Dockery, Douglas W.

doi:10.1002/1099-0496(200102)31:2<106::aid-ppul1017>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 173 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The same pattern was evidenced for O 3 , which had significant effects mostly on day 4, day 5 and day 6 after exposure. In contrast to those described by Braga et al, 5 SO 2 did not show significant effects. This pollutant seems to have an effect at greater lags than those studied in São Paulo.…”

Section: Time-series Studies Have Showed An Associationcontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…The magnitude of association found between the air pollutant studied and pneumonia admission rates was similar to that found in other studies 4,5,9 in São Paulo. This is an expected finding since both cities have just about the same sources of pollutants, i.e., especially moving sources as well as fixed sources (plants), thus producing similar toxic effects.…”

Section: Time-series Studies Have Showed An Associationsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…4,5,9 However, in the present study, which was conducted out of a metropolitan center, air pollutants showed to have seasonal distribution and their average levels were below those found by Braga et al 4 in the city of São Paulo in the early 1990's.…”

Section: Time-series Studies Have Showed An Associationcontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…1 Exposure to environmental pollutants has been established as an important risk factor for hospital admissions in children, 4,5,9 school absenteeism, 11 intrauterine mortality 12 as well as birth defects. 13 There is strong evidence showing the association of air pollution and significant increase in the risk of death and chronic diseases in children, adverse pregnancy outcomes and severe illnesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4,5,8,12 Yet little is known on the effects of air pollution resulting largely from plant and motor vehicles emissions outside the geographic outreach of large metropolitan areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efeitos da poluição atmosférica na saúde infantil em São José dos Campos, SP

et al. 2006

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ObjectiveOf the effects of air pollution on children's health, increased pneumonia admission rate is one of the most important. The study aimed at estimating the association between pneumonia admissions and increased air pollutants. Methods An ecological time-series study was carried out in the municipality of São José dos Campos, Southeastern Brazil, in the years 2000 and 2001. Daily records of pneumonia admissions, air pollutants (SO 2 , O 3 , and PM 10 ) and weather conditions (temperature and humidity) were analyzed. The correlations between the study variables were estimated using Pearson's correlation. The associations between pneumonia and air pollutants were estimated using generalized additive Poisson regression models. The percentage increase (and their respective 95% CI) in pneumonia admission rate was estimated for the interquartile range of each air pollutant studied. ResultsThe three pollutants analyzed presented lagged effects on pneumonia admission rate, beginning at lag 3 or 4 and lasting for no more than two days. The 8-day cumulative effect estimate showed that an increase of 24.7 mg/m 3 in PM 10 concentration increased pneumonia admission rate in 9.8%. ConclusionsThe study corroborates that adverse health effects of air pollutants can be observed even in medium-sized cities. The magnitude of the effect was similar to that found in the city of São Paulo. Moreover, children are highly susceptible to air pollution exposure.

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Section: Time-series Studies Have Showed An Associationcontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Time-series Studies Have Showed An Associationsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Time-series Studies Have Showed An Associationcontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4,5,8,12 Yet little is known on the effects of air pollution resulting largely from plant and motor vehicles emissions outside the geographic outreach of large metropolitan areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efeitos da poluição atmosférica na saúde infantil em São José dos Campos, SP

et al. 2006

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Association of Air Pollution With School Absenteeism Due to Illness

Park¹,

Lee²,

Ha³

et al. 2002

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Robustness of different regression modelling strategies in epidemiology: a time-series analysis of hospital admissions and air pollutants in Lisbon (1999-2004)

Sarmento

Verburg

Almeida³

et al. 2011

Environmetrics

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a Studies of the acute health effects of air pollution have used exposure windows of different spans and related them to single-day responses. Little is known about whether an increased response window span might be a viable alternative to single-day responses. Our aim is to compare a new model specification where both the exposure and response variables are represented as 7 day moving averages (CMA&CMA model) with the most widely used model specifications in the literature, where the response variable is usually a single-day, in terms of coefficients and their precision and robustness. To this end, daily series of 12 emergency-related hospital admissions and 6 air pollutants spanning 5.5 years in Lisbon were analysed through single-pollutant linear regression and, when necessary M-estimation. With our data, the CMA&CMA model yields coefficients that are very close to models where only the exposure variable is specified as a moving average whether the latter are estimated by OLS or robust M-estimation. In addition, the CMA&CMA model leads to more precise and robust estimates than other model specifications. The new model specification is a straightforward tool for adjusting weekend effects and errors. It is also analogous to robust estimation, with the added advantages of being sensitive to extreme values that are clustered in time, and leading to more precise and robust estimates without loss of high-frequency information. One drawback is the induction of autocorrelation in the residuals.

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Health effects of air pollution exposure on children and adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 173 publications

References 33 publications

Efeitos da poluição atmosférica na saúde infantil em São José dos Campos, SP

Efeitos da poluição atmosférica na saúde infantil em São José dos Campos, SP

Association of Air Pollution With School Absenteeism Due to Illness

Robustness of different regression modelling strategies in epidemiology: a time-series analysis of hospital admissions and air pollutants in Lisbon (1999-2004)

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