Health effects of phloretin: from chemistry to medicine

Behzad, Sahar; Sureda, Antoni; Barreca, Davide; Nabavi, Seyed Fazel; Rastrelli, Luca; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad

doi:10.1007/s11101-017-9500-x

Cited by 78 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Another important compound present in the apple peel is phloretin. It is a versatile molecule with anticancer, antiosteoclastogenic, antifungal, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and estrogenic activities and able to increase the fluidity of biological membranes and penetration of administered drugs (Behzad et al, ). The analysis of plasma from rats fed meals supplemented with phlorizin or phloretin revealed 85–95% of the circulating conjugated metabolites of phloretin (glucuronides and/or sulfates) and the remaining were present as the unconjugated forms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple phlorizin supplementation attenuates oxidative stress in hamsters fed a high-fat diet

et al. 2017

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Phlorizin from apple peel has been used as a nutrient for more than 100 years. The present study investigated the effects of phlorizin on the antioxidant capacity and the antioxidative mechanisms in hamsters fed high-fat diet supplemented with phlorizin (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%). Results showed that phlorizin increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the malondialdehyde content in plasma, liver, heart, and kidney that might arise from the higher mRNA levels of CuZn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-like (Nrf2), and the protein expression of Mn-SOD (p < .05). Diet supplemented with phlorizin also significantly decreased the total cholesterol and triglycerides levels in plasma. The present study demonstrated that phlorizin might reduce lipid peroxidation and protect against cardiovascular issues in vivo. Practical applicationsPhlorizin, from apple peel, has been used as a nutrient for over 100 years. To date, despite extensive research on phlorizin, a report on its effect on lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant system in plasma, heart, liver, and kidney of hamsters fed high-fat diet is yet lacking. This report demonstrates that phlorizin can reduce lipid peroxidation and exert a protective effect on cardiovascular issues in vivo, which is valuable in the rational utilization of phlorizin in functional foods. K E Y W O R D Santioxidant capacity, cholesterol, hamsters, phlorizin

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple phlorizin supplementation attenuates oxidative stress in hamsters fed a high-fat diet

et al. 2017

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“…A recent review of the health effects of phloretin, the aglycone of phloridzin, stated that to date, about 200 dihydrochalcones, isolated from more than 300 plant families, have been identified [12]. Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.)…”

Section: Natural Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Aspalathin from Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis): A Bioactive C-glucosyl Dihydrochalcone with Potential to Target the Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2018

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Aspalathin is a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone that is abundantly present in Aspalathus linearis. This endemic South African plant, belonging to the Cape Floristic region, is normally used for production of rooibos, a herbal tea. Aspalathin was valued initially only as precursor in the formation of the characteristic red-brown colour of “fermented” rooibos, but the hype about the potential role of natural antioxidants to alleviate oxidative stress, shifted interest in aspalathin to its antioxidant properties and subsequently, its potential role to improve metabolic syndrome, a disease condition interrelated with oxidative stress. The potential use of aspalathin or aspalathin-rich rooibos extracts as a condition-specific nutraceutical is hampered by the limited supply of green rooibos (i.e., “unfermented” plant material) and low levels in “fermented” rooibos, providing incentive for its synthesis. In vitro and in vivo studies relating to the metabolic activity of aspalathin are discussed and cellular mechanisms by which aspalathin improves glucose and lipid metabolism are proposed. Other aspects covered in this review, which are relevant in view of the potential use of aspalathin as an adjunctive therapy, include its poor stability and bioavailability, as well as potential adverse herb-drug interactions, in particular interference with the metabolism of certain commonly prescribed chronic medications for hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia.

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“…These metabolites have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of human diseases [ 12 ]. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone, has been reported to possess a number of bioactivities [ 4 ]. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activity of Phloretin on human gastric cancer cell lines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticancer effects of Phloretin on human gastric cancer cell lines. Phloretin is a plant-derived natural product found to show a number of bioactivities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities [ 4 ]. For instance, Phloretin has been reported to trigger apoptotic cell death of oesophageal cancer cells [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Activity of Phloretin Against Human Gastric Cancer Cell Lines Involves Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Inhibition of Cell Invasion and JNK Signalling Pathway

Songyang

et al. 2018

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundGastric cancer is one of most commonly diagnosed cancers and causes significant mortality worldwide. In this study, the antiproliferative and anticancer effects of Phloretin were evaluated against gastric cancer cell lines.Material/MethodsMTT assay was used to assess the proliferation rate of gastric cancer cells. DAPI and annexin V/PI were used for detection of apoptotic cell death. Cell invasion was investigated by Transwell assays and the expression of the proteins was estimated by immunoblotting.ResultsThe results revealed that Phloretin exerts anticancer effects on all the gastric cancer cell lines used in this study. However, the anticancer effects were more significant (p<0.05) on the AGS cell line. Further, the effect of Phloretin on the viability of normal GES-1 cells was minimal. Apoptosis assays showed that Phloretin triggers apoptotic cell death in AGS gastric cancer cells. Phloretin could also cause the arrest of the AGS gastric cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and suppress their ability to migrate. Western blotting analysis revealed that Phloretin significantly decreased the expression of p-JNK and p-38. However, comparatively lower effects were observed on the expression of JNK and P38.ConclusionsWe showed that Phloretin is an important molecule for the treatment of gastric cancer.

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Health effects of phloretin: from chemistry to medicine

Cited by 78 publications

References 61 publications

Apple phlorizin supplementation attenuates oxidative stress in hamsters fed a high-fat diet

Apple phlorizin supplementation attenuates oxidative stress in hamsters fed a high-fat diet

Aspalathin from Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis): A Bioactive C-glucosyl Dihydrochalcone with Potential to Target the Metabolic Syndrome

Anticancer Activity of Phloretin Against Human Gastric Cancer Cell Lines Involves Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Inhibition of Cell Invasion and JNK Signalling Pathway

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