Health Effects of Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture in the Suburbs of Asmara City, Eritrea

Srikanth, R.; Naik, Durgadas Govind

doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.3.284

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…High incidences of intestinal parasites have been found in communities that consume raw vegetables, especially that they are cultivated on farms fertilized with untreated human and animal fertilizers [17]. Furthermore, preference for eating raw or slightly cooked vegetables to protect heat-labile nutrients may increase the risk of foodborne infections [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

Eraky

Rashed

Nasr

et al. 2014

Journal of Parasitology Research

112

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This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from markets within Benha. Samples were washed in saline, and the resulting washing solution was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Intestinal parasites were detected in 157/530 (29.6%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (8.8%) followed by Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.8%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (4.9%), various helminth larvae (3.6%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta eggs (2.1%), and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (0.6%). The highest contaminated vegetable was lettuce (45.5%) followed by watercress (41.3%), parsley (34.3%), green onion (16.5%), and leek (10.7%). These results indicate a significant seasonal variation (P < 0.05), with highest prevalence in summer (49%) and the lowest in winter (10.8%). These findings provide evidence for the high risk of acquiring parasitic infection from the consumption of raw vegetables in Benha, Egypt. Effective measures are necessary to reduce parasitic contamination of vegetables.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

Eraky

Rashed

Nasr

et al. 2014

Journal of Parasitology Research

112

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“…On the other hand, Entamoeba spp was the only protozoan parasite detected in the present study. A study in Asmara and its suburbs, Eritrea, reported a protozoan parasite, Giardia spp, from wastewater irrigated-vegetables (Srikanth and Naik, 2004b). Generally, sensitivities of methods used to extract infective stages of intestinal parasites and the underlining epidemiological difference in farming communities may contribute for the occurrence of different kinds of helminth or protozoan parasites on wastewater irrigated vegetables in different localities.…”

Section: In 'Mariam Dahan' Village the Distribution Of Parasites Amomentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitological Contamination of Wastewater Irrigated and Raw Manure Fertilized Vegetables in Mekelle City and Its Suburb, Tigray, Ethiopia

Tomass¹,

Kidane²

2012

mejs

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Watering of vegetables in developing countries including Ethiopia is done using untreated wastewater and raw manure of domestic animal origin is used as fertilizer. Thus, vegetables are considered to be the principal sources of human infection with bacterial, protozoan and helminth parasites. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of parasitological contamination of pre-harvest vegetables in Mekelle city and its suburban village, 'Mariam Dahan'. Pre-harvest vegetables were collected from the field during the dry season, washed using physiological saline solution, allowed to sediment overnight, centrifuged and examined microscopically for infective stages of intestinal parasites. Out of the vegetable samples examined, 32.41% in Mekelle city and 30.49% in 'Mariam Dahan', contained at least one parasitic contaminant. Strongyloides stercoralis was most encountered parasitic contaminant in the study areas, followed by, Taenia and Entamoeba spp. Highest rate of parasitic contamination was detected on Swiss chard, that was 45.5 and 41.67% in Mekelle city and 'Mariam Dahan', respectively. Occurrence of infective stages of intestinal parasites on wastewater-irrigated vegetables may pose public health hazards to farming communities in the study areas. Therefore, evaluation and surveillance of parasitological quality of vegetables is crucial in an attempt to control vegetable-transmitted parasitic infections.

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“…High incidences of intestinal parasites have been found in communities consuming raw vegetables, cultivated on farms fertilized with untreated human and animal fertilizers (Srikanth and Naik, 2004). There are many documents published on the contamination of raw vegetables with parasites (Adamu et al, 2012, Medeiros et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of enteric Protozoa on fresh vegetables and their irrigation water in Giza, Egypt

Gad¹,

Ashour²,

Soliman³

et al. 2020

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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Health Effects of Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture in the Suburbs of Asmara City, Eritrea

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

Parasitological Contamination of Wastewater Irrigated and Raw Manure Fertilized Vegetables in Mekelle City and Its Suburb, Tigray, Ethiopia

Prevalence of enteric Protozoa on fresh vegetables and their irrigation water in Giza, Egypt

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