Health Factors Associated with Microchip Insertion in Horses

Gerber, M. I.; Swinker, A.M.; Staniar, W.B.; Werner, Jeffrey A.; Jedrzejewski, E.A.; Macrina, A.L.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2011.08.016

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We did not detect any swelling or pain responses in the springbok following insertion of the microchips. However, despite microchips being covered by biocompatible material which should not evoke a tissue response, microchips inserted subcutaneously have been reported to induce moderate yet measurable transient inflammation, swelling and hyperalgesia at their insertion site (Gerber et al, 2012). Another potential limitation associated with long-term use is an increased risk of neoplasia and tumor formation surrounding subcutaneous microchips (Elcock et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microchip transponder thermometry for monitoring core body temperature of antelope during capture

Rey

Fuller

Hetem

et al. 2016

Journal of Thermal Biology

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Highlights• Abdominal, muscle and subcutaneous temperature was monitored using implanted loggers • Capture and immobilization induces severe stress-induced hyperthermia in springboks • Hyperthermia recovery was accelerated by artificial cooling • Implanted subcutaneously, microchips poorly predict body temperature during capture • Implanted intramuscularly, microchips poorly predict body temperature during capture AbstractHyperthermia is described as the major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with capture, immobilization and restraint of wild animals. Therefore, accurately determining the 2 core body temperature of wild animals during capture is crucial for monitoring hyperthermia and the efficacy of cooling procedures. We investigated if microchip thermometry can accurately reflect core body temperature changes during capture and cooling interventions in the springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), a medium-sized antelope. Subcutaneous temperature measured with a temperature-sensitive microchip was a weak predictor of core body temperature measured by temperature-sensitive data loggers in the abdominal cavity (R 2 =0.32, bias >2 °C). Temperature-sensitive microchips in the gluteus muscle, however, provided an accurate estimate of core body temperature (R 2 =0.76, bias=0.012 °C). Microchips inserted into muscle therefore provide a convenient and accurate method to measure body temperature continuously in captured antelope, allowing detection of hyperthermia and the efficacy of cooling procedures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microchip transponder thermometry for monitoring core body temperature of antelope during capture

Rey

Fuller

Hetem

et al. 2016

Journal of Thermal Biology

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“…Mechanoreceptors often become more responsive to nociceptive stimuli in the presence of heat and chemical mediators. Over the last decade, there have been numerous applications of using pressure algometry to measure MNTs in horses [18][19][20][21][22]. There is a critical need to establish normative values within different body regions and to develop standardized methods of testing MNTs.…”

Section: Electricalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intramuscular injections [28] Microchip insertion [20] Induced back pain [29] Induced carpal osteoarthritis [30] Celiotomy [31]…”

Section: Pain Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Entire axial skeleton [24,25,27] Thoracic limb [30] Neck [20] Distal forelimb [15,22,36,45,51,57,58] Trunk [23,26,29,33,[38][39][40][41][42][43] Pastern region forelimb [19,34] Pelvis [18,21,33] Pelvic limb [59] Abdomen [31] Tarsal region [32] MNTs have been recorded in both unweighted and weighted limbs [30,33]. Most pharmaceutical studies test MNTs in weighted forelimbs as the horse can stand quietly restrained during the testing procedure, which may help to improve identification of subtle avoidance reactions (e.g., weight-shifting to the non-tested limb) [51].…”

Section: Axial Skeleton Landmarks Appendicular Skeleton Landmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As many MNT values can be quite high within the axial skeleton (30-40 kg/cm 2 ), applying pressure at a slow rate of 2 kg/cm 2 /s would require pressure application over 15-20 s per test, which is not feasible from a study perspective and not tolerated by most horses. However, when testing painful sites, then much lower MNTs are expected and a slow rate of 2 kg/cm 2 /s may be ideal [20,29].…”

Section: Rate Of Pressure Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure Algometry for the Detection of Mechanical Nociceptive Thresholds in Horses

Haussler

2020

Animals

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The clinical assessment of pain is subjective; therefore, variations exist between practitioners in their ability to identify and localize pain. Due to differing interpretations of the signs or severity of pain equine practitioners may assign varying levels of clinical significance and treatment options. There is a critical need to develop better tools to qualify and quantify pain in horses. Palpation is the most common method to detect local tenderness or sensitivity. To quantify this applied pressure, pressure algometry has been used to gradually apply pressure over specified landmarks until an avoidance response is noted, which is defined as the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT). Numerous studies have used pressure algometry in different applications to measure MNTs in horses. There is an acute need to establish normative values within different body regions and to develop standardized methods of testing MNTs to better guide practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of pain. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence for the use of pressure algometry in horses. There is good evidence that pressure algometry is a repeatable, semi-objective method that can be used in a wide array of clinical and research applications to assess MNTs in horses.

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Horses (Equus caballus)

McGreevy¹,

Yeates²

2018

Companion Animal Care and Welfare

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Health Factors Associated with Microchip Insertion in Horses

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Microchip transponder thermometry for monitoring core body temperature of antelope during capture

Microchip transponder thermometry for monitoring core body temperature of antelope during capture

Pressure Algometry for the Detection of Mechanical Nociceptive Thresholds in Horses

Horses (Equus caballus)

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