“…In terms of the biophysical aspects, the main impacts refer to fragmentation of river systems, but also fragmentation of the vegetation, impacts on soil and water quality, impacts on species composition and aquatic biota, and changes to geomorphology (Bakken et al, 2014;Brown et al, 2009;Burke et al, 2009). Regarding social impacts the most critical are displacement, resettlement and migration, changes in livelihood strategies, poor compensation, impacts on culture and social relations, impacts on community health and gender relations, and loss of land and water access (Brown et al, 2009;Lerer and Scudder, 1999;McDonald-Wilmsen and Webber, 2010;Jackson and Sleigh, 2000;Tilt et al, 2009;Tullos et al, 2013;Urban et al, 2013;WCD, 2000;Majid Cooke et al, 2014). Moreover, many of the proposed new projects have resulted in opposition from affected indigenous communities, which can spill over into conflict (Costa, 2014;Fleury and Almeida;2013;Swain and Chee, 2004).…”