Health implications of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachloro‐dibenzodioxin (TCDD) contamination of residential soil

Kimbrough, Renate D.; Falk, Henry; Stehr, Paul A.; Fries, George F.

doi:10.1080/15287398409530562

Cited by 226 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Because soil ingestion is believed to be a function of age ( Kimbrough et al, 1984;Calabrese et al, 1989) , the chlorpyrifos model uses two distributions for soil ingestion Ð one for individuals aged 0 ± 12 years (children) and one for individuals 13 years and older ( adolescents and adults) (Table 10) . Based on the analysis in Thompson and Burmaster (1991) , the chlorpyrifos model assumes that soil ingestion rates are lognormally distributed.…”

Section: Ingestion Of Soil and Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled estimates of chlorpyrifos exposure and dose for the Minnesota and Arizona NHEXAS populations

Buck

Özkaynak

Xue³

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This paper presents a probabilistic, multimedia, multipathway exposure model and assessment for chlorpyrifos developed as part of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey ( NHEXAS) . The model was constructed using available information prior to completion of the NHEXAS study. It simulates the distribution of daily aggregate and pathway -specific chlorpyrifos absorbed dose in the general population of the State of Arizona ( AZ) and in children aged 3 ± 12 years residing in Minneapolis ± St. Paul, Minnesota ( MSP) . Pathways included were inhalation of indoor and outdoor air, dietary ingestion, non -dietary ingestion of dust and soil, and dermal contact with dust and soil. Probability distributions for model input parameters were derived from the available literature, and input values were chosen to represent chlorpyrifos concentrations and demographics in AZ and MSP to the extent possible. When the NHEXAS AZ and MSP data become available, they can be compared to the distributions derived in this and other prototype modeling assessments to test the adequacy of this pre -NHEXAS model assessment. Although pathway -specific absorbed dose estimates differed between AZ and MSP due to differences in model inputs between simulated adults and children, the aggregate model results and general findings for simulated AZ and MSP populations were similar. The major route of chlorpyrifos intake was food ingestion, followed by indoor air inhalation. Two -stage Monte Carlo simulation was used to derive estimates of both interindividual variability and uncertainty in the estimated distributions. The variability in the model results reflects the difference in activity patterns, exposure factors, and concentrations contacted by individuals during their daily activities. Based on the coefficient of variation, indoor air inhalation and dust ingestion were most variable relative to the mean, primarily because of variability in concentrations due to use or no -use of pesticides. Uncertainty analyses indicated a factor of 10 ± 30 for uncertainty of model predictions of 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. The greatest source of uncertainty in the model stems from the definition of no household pesticide use as no use in the past year. Because chlorpyrifos persists in the residential environment for longer than a year, the modeled estimates are likely to be low. More information on pesticide usage and environmental concentrations measured at different post -application times is needed to refine and evaluate this and other pesticide exposure models.

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Section: Ingestion Of Soil and Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled estimates of chlorpyrifos exposure and dose for the Minnesota and Arizona NHEXAS populations

Buck

Özkaynak

Xue³

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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show abstract

“…According to the studies analyzed by the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, this corresponded to a concentration of 1 ppb dioxin under a residential exposure scenario. 5 The area of exposure was assumed to be an average residential lot (50x100 ft or 5000 ft 2 ) which defined an "exposure unit" (EU). Thus, the remedial decision was restated as, "which areas of the Piazza Road dioxin site must be cleaned so that, to an acceptable level of certainty, there are no remaining EUs that average greater than 1 ppb dioxin in the surface soil."…”

Section: Site Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superfund Soil Cleanup: Developing the Piazza Road Remedial Design

Ryti

1993

Air & Waste

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“…A high excretion in urine can occur shortly after administration of larger doses of Cd, i.e., doses exceeding 0.1 mg/kg body weight (8). The (13), phenanthrene (10), polychlorinated biphenyls (11), lead (306, chromium (15), and arsenic (33). In all these studies the bioavailability of soiladsorbed chemicals was significantly decreased as compared to administration of the pure solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Human exposure to contaminants in soil may occur through the inhalation of dust derived from soil at a contaminated site, through dermal absorption of contaminated soil, by direct ingestion of soil and dust particles due to the hand-to-mouth pathway, or by secondary exposure through food chain routes in which initial ingestion uptake occurred in animals and agricultural crops used for food production (10)(11)(12). A significant route of exposure to soil-adsorbed environmental pollutants is soil ingestion (13,14). Although incidental soil ingestion can occur at all ages, significant soil ingestion primarily occurs between the ages of 2 and 6 years (15,16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%