Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Patterson, Elaine; Wall, Rebecca; Fitzgerald, Gerald F.; Ross, R. Paul; Stanton, Catherine

doi:10.1155/2012/539426

Cited by 699 publications

(559 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…Increased concentrations of LA lead to higher inflammatory marker concentrations such as interleukin‐8 and elevated oxidative stress 26. Likewise, high levels of LA have been associated with greater urine levels of prostaglandin products, further supporting its association with inflammation 27. However, in all 3 head groups—lyso‐PC, SM, and PS—our results indicate that depressed patients had lower levels of LA compared with nondepressed patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Novel Phospholipid Signature of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Chan

Suridjan

Mohammad

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundDepression in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. Given the proinflammatory actions of phospholipids, aberrant phospholipid metabolism may be an etiological mechanism linking CAD and depression. Our primary objective was to identify a phospholipid biomarker panel that characterizes CAD patients with significant depressive symptoms from those without.Methods and ResultsWe performed a targeted lipidomic analysis on CAD patients with significant depressive symptoms (n=37, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression score ≥16) and those without (n=49). Phospholipid species were selected using partial least‐square discriminant analysis, and the ability of the resulting model to discriminate between groups was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic curves. Biosignature scores were calculated from this model, and analyses of covariance were performed to compare intergroup differences in biosignature scores, with adjustment for clinical differences between patients. Those with significant depressive symptoms had lower cardiopulmonary fitness, more prevalent history of depression, and a greater number of vascular risk factors. A model of 10 phospholipid species had an area under the curve value of 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.72‐0.95), sensitivity of 0.73, and specificity of 0.71. This model passed permutation testing (n=1000, P<0.001). Biosignature scores were higher in those with significant depressive symptoms after adjustment for potential confounders (F[1.86]=14.39, P<0.0005).ConclusionsThe present findings support the role of proinflammatory phospholipid species in the presence of depression in CAD patients from the CAROTID trial (Coronary Artery Disease Randomized Omega‐3 Trial in Depression). Future investigations should aim to replicate findings in larger data sets and clarify possible pathophysiological mechanisms.Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00981383.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Novel Phospholipid Signature of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Chan

Suridjan

Mohammad

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…Thirdly, n-6 PUFA, and mainly AA, are known to be the precursors of proinflammatory eicosanoids (29). A chronic inflammation caused by an excess in n-6 PUFA intake was associated with a higher risk for Alzheimer disease (30). This chronic inflammatory process could also occur during early life through a too high dietary exposure to LA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between linoleic acid levels in colostrum and child cognition at 2 and 3 y in the EDEN cohort

et al. 2015

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Background: Breastfeeding has been associated with improved cognitive development. This may be explained by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of breast milk, especially long-chain (LC) PUFA that are needed for postnatal brain growth. Methods: Using data from the French EDEN cohort, we aimed to study whether the PUFA content of colostrum may explain observed associations between breastfeeding duration and cognitive scores at 2 and 3 y. A total of 709 breastfed children with available data on PUFA composition of milk were assessed using parent-reported questionnaires for motor and language at 2 y of age, or global cognition at 3 y. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine associations between PUFA levels and child cognitive scores, after controlling for many confounders. results: We found no association between LCPUFA levels in colostrum and child development. However, levels of linoleic acid (LA) were negatively associated with motor and cognitive scores, independently of breastfeeding duration. Children breastfed with the highest levels of LA tended to score closer to the never breastfed children than children breastfed with the lowest levels of LA. conclusion: Our findings suggest that too high levels of LA in colostrum are associated with poorer child development at 2 and 3 y.

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“…For this reason, we argue that FO (particularly rich in n-3 LPUFA) added to the rations decreased the capacity of elongase (ELOVL5) and ∆6-and ∆5-desaturases (FADS2 and FADS1) (Nakamura and Nara, 2004) involved in the anabolism of LA (i.e., n-6 PUFA) to AA in the breast muscles of chickens (Table 4). Moreover, supplementation of the rations with FO, rich in EPA and DHA, resulted in replacing AA from the tissue cell membranes (Patterson et al, 2012). The recent investigation also documented that a natural competition exists between n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, whereby ∆5-desaturase and ∆6-desaturase will exhibit affinity to metabolize n-3 PUFA over n-6 PUFA (Patterson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Influence Of the Experimental Rations On The Fatty Acid Profmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, supplementation of the rations with FO, rich in EPA and DHA, resulted in replacing AA from the tissue cell membranes (Patterson et al, 2012). The recent investigation also documented that a natural competition exists between n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, whereby ∆5-desaturase and ∆6-desaturase will exhibit affinity to metabolize n-3 PUFA over n-6 PUFA (Patterson et al, 2012). Therefore, FO added to the ration with Lyc, regardless of the presence of extra Se VI or SeY, increased the values of the ∆4-desaturase index, as the values of this index were determined from the concentrations of n-3 LPUFA, i.e., DPA and DHA (Table 5).…”

Section: Influence Of the Experimental Rations On The Fatty Acid Profmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary lycopenes, selenium compounds and fish oil affect the profile of fatty acids and oxidative stress in chicken breast muscle

et al. 2012

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The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the addition for 6 weeks of 12 ppm lycopene (Lyc), 2% fish oil (FO) and/or 0.25 ppm Se as selenate (Se VI ) or selenized yeast (SeY) to an isoenergetic and isonitrogenous basal ration containing sunflower oil (SO) as the source of energy on the liveweight (LW) and feed intake per kg body weight gain of pullets and cockerels. The effects of these additives on the concentrations of fatty acids (FA), especially mono-(MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) acids, and the yield of PUFA peroxidation (oxidative stress) in breast muscles of chickens were also investigated. Feeding broilers with the experimental rations slightly increased the live body weight of chickens compared with the controls. The ration containing SeY, Lyc, and FO most effectively increased the LW of cockerels, while that of pullets was most efficiently increased by the ration enriched in SeY and Lyc, irrespective of the presence of extra FO. SeY in the ration with Lyc most efficiently elevated feed conversion efficiency (FCE), while Se VI in the ration containing Lyc most effectively decreased FCE. The addition of Se VI to the ration enriched in Lyc significantly elevated the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA), MUFA, and PUFA in muscles of pullets and, especially, cockerels in comparison with all other examined groups. In contrast, FO added to the ration containing Lyc, irrespective of the presence of Se VI or SeY, decreased the muscle sum of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, and increased the concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in muscles of chickens compared with the control and all other experimental groups. FO added to the ration, regardless of the presence of Se VI or SeY, elevated the value of the long-chain n-3 PUFAto-SFA ratio and significantly decreased the values of the n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio in muscles of pullets and cockerels. The ration containing Lyc and Se VI most efficiently increased the value of the 3 Corresponding author: e-mail: m.czauderna@ifzz.pan.pl Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 21, 2012, 705-724 706 LYCOPENES AND Se COMPOUNDS -FA IN CHICKEN MUSCLE PUFA/SFA ratio in the muscles of pullets and, especially, cockerels. The ration containing FO and Lyc most significantly increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscles of pullets and, in particular, cockerels, while addition of Se VI or SeY to the ration enriched in FO and Lyc most considerably decreased the concentration of MDA in breast muscles compared with the control and all other experimental groups. We propose an MDA index (calculated as: MDAindex = (MDA+PUFA)/ PUFA) as an original indicator of PUFA peroxidation in tissues of living organisms.Our results of feeding diets with Lyc, FO, and Se as Se VI or SeY constitute useful information for nutritionists carrying out investigations to improve chicken performance and the nutritional quality of feed, as well as to improve the nutritive value of chicken meat from the aspect of human health.

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Health Implications of High Dietary Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Cited by 699 publications

References 159 publications

Novel Phospholipid Signature of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Novel Phospholipid Signature of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

The association between linoleic acid levels in colostrum and child cognition at 2 and 3 y in the EDEN cohort

Dietary lycopenes, selenium compounds and fish oil affect the profile of fatty acids and oxidative stress in chicken breast muscle

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