Health insurance awareness and its uptake in India: a systematic review protocol

Abstract

IntroductionHealth insurance is one of the important approaches that can help in boosting universal healthcare coverage through improved healthcare utilisation and financial protection. This objectives of this review are to identify various interventions implemented in India to promote awareness of health insurance, and to provide evidence for the effectiveness of such interventions on the awareness and uptake of health insurance by the resident Indian population.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be carried out based on the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. The review will include experimental and analytical observational studies that have included adult population (>18 years) in India. We will include any intervention, policy or programme that directly or indirectly affects awareness or uptake of health insurance. The following outcomes will be eligible to be included: awareness or health insurance literacy, attitude such as readiness to buy health insurance or decision making, uptake of health insurance, demand-side and supply-side factors for awareness of health insurance, and awareness as a factor for uptake and re-enrolment in health insurance. Databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, 3ie impact evaluation repository and Social Science Research Network will be searched from January 2010 to 15 July 2020. Additionally, important government websites and references of the included studies will be scanned to identify potential records. Three authors, independently, will carry out screening and data extraction. Studies will be categorised into quantitative and qualitative, and mixed-methods synthesis will be employed to analyse the findings.Ethics and disseminationThis review will be based on published studies and will not recruit human participants directly, therefore, ethical clearance is not applicable. We will disseminate the final review findings in a national or international conference and publish in a peer-reviewed journal.

Multilevel population and socioeconomic variation in health insurance coverage in India

“…In India, local communities, districts, and states are socio-culturally, ecologically, politically, and administratively independent of each other to some extent. Factors at each of these population levels, such as the availability of different insurance schemes, implementation characteristics of difference schemes at various levels, household and community awareness of coverage eligibility, perceptions of health care quality, and the wealth and age of a local community, may simultaneously shape health insurance implementation and drive coverage uptake [20][21][22][23][24]. The extent to which variation in coverage exists between different population levels, however, is unknown.…”

Socioeconomic and geographic variation in coverage of health insurance across India

“…Geographic variation in health insurance coverage has been identified previously by researchers ( 7 , 10 , 15 , 16 ), but very few have empirically quantified it ( 19 , 20 ). Our findings of higher health insurance coverage in the east and southeast India, and some western states such as Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh, are validated by compiling evidence from primary studies.…”

Public trust in the long-term care insurance pilot program in China: An analysis of mediating effects

“…The explanatory variable of insurance awareness was measured using three items adopted from Reshmi et al ( 24 ) and Kazaure ( 25 ). In this study, it reflected the evidence of commercial insurance awareness, social insurance awareness, and knowledge of the Guangzhou LTCI pilot.…”

“…One of the potential predictors of the enrollees' satisfaction was their awareness related to the object evaluated ( 21 , 22 ). Health insurance awareness refers to individual's knowledge of the availability and coverage afforded through health insurance ( 23 , 24 ), their willingness to demand and use it ( 25 ), and their expectations with regard to its coverage, role in their own wellbeing, and implementation ( 26 ). Because of the complexity of the insurance policies, the awareness of health insurance depends on both the enrollees' education level ( 27 , 28 ) and the developments integral to the insurance industry ( 29 ).…”