Health Insurance: Economic and Risk Aspects

D’Ambrosio, Conchita; Ghislandi, Simone

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.14033-4

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Insurance is a contract where the subscriber pays the insurer on a regular basis in exchange for the assurance of indemnification against specific risks. The specific risks covered by health insurance are the financial burden of the treatments required following an illness or injury (48). There are several reasons to introduce health insurance, including the removal of financial barriers to healthcare access, providing financial protection against high medical costs, and negotiating better-quality healthcare with providers (49), which dictate that the way of funding health services is a crucial aspect of UHC (50).…”

Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to pay for National Health Insurance Services and Associated Factors in Africa and Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bayked,

Assfaw,

Toleha

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundUniversal health coverage (UHC) is crucial for public health, poverty eradication, and economic growth. However, 97% of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly Africa and Asia, lack it, relying on out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure. National Health Insurance (NHI) guarantees equity and priorities aligned with medical needs, for which we aimed to determine the pooled willingness to pay (WTP) and its influencing factors from the available literature in Africa and Asia.MethodsDatabase searches were conducted on Scopus, HINARI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar from March 31 to April 4, 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI’s) tools and the “preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement” were used to evaluate bias and frame the review, respectively. The data were analyzed using Stata 17. To assess heterogeneity, we conducted sensitivity and subgroup analyses, calculated the Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index, and used a random model to determine the effect estimates (proportions and odds ratios) with a p value less than 0.05 and a 95% CI.ResultsNineteen studies were included in the review. The pooled WTP on the continents was 66.0% (95% CI, 54.0–77.0%) before outlier studies were not excluded, but increased to 71.0% (95% CI, 68–75%) after excluding them. The factors influencing the WTP were categorized as socio-demographic factors, income and economic issues, information level and sources, illness and illness expenditure, health service factors, factors related to financing schemes, as well as social capital and solidarity. Age has been found to be consistently and negatively related to the WTP for NHI, while income level was an almost consistent positive predictor of it.ConclusionThe WTP for NHI was moderate, while it was slightly higher in Africa than Asia and was found to be affected by various factors, with age being reported to be consistently and negatively related to it, while an increase in income level was almost a positive determinant of it.

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Section: Background and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%