Health Lifestyle Patterns of U.S. Adults

Patterson, Ruth E.; Haines, Pamela S.; Popkin, Barry M.

doi:10.1006/pmed.1994.1062

Cited by 145 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…The previous analyses on associations between the different health lifestyles have shown that the associations are often rather weak and unsystematic. The most common observation has been the association between smoking and alcohol consumption but the other associations seem not to be universal (Blaxter, 1990;Patterson et al, 1994, Pra Ètta Èla È et al, 1994.…”

Section: Socio-economic Differences In Food Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of socio-economic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables

Irala

Groth

Johansson³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

542

318

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Objective: To evaluate the differences in the consumption of fruit and vegetables between groups with different socio-economic status (SES) in the adult population of European countries. Design: A systematic review of published and unpublished surveys of food habits conducted between 1985 and 1999 in 15 European countries. Educational level and occupational status were used as indicators of SES. A pooled estimate of the mean difference between the highest and the lowest level of education and occupation was calculated separately for men and women, using DerSimonian and Laird's random effects model. Setting: The inclusion criteria of studies were: use of a validated method for assessing intake at the individual level; selection of a nationwide sample or a representative sample of a region; and providing the mean and standard deviation of overall fruit and vegetable consumption for each level of education or occupation, and separately for men and women. Subjects: Participants in the individual surveys had to be adults (18 ± 85 y). Results: Eleven studies from seven countries met the criteria for being included in the meta-analysis. A higher SES was associated with a greater consumption of both fruit and vegetables. The pooled estimate of the difference in the intake of fruit was 24.3 gapersonaday (95% con®dence interval (CI) 14.0 ± 34.7) between men in the highest level of education and those in the lowest level of education. Similarly, this difference was 33.6 gapersonaday for women (95% CI 22.5 ± 44.8). The differences regarding vegetables were 17.0 gapersonaday (95% CI 8.6 ± 25.5) for men and 13.4 gapersonaday (95% CI 7.1 ± 19.7) for women. The results were in the same direction when occupation instead of education was used as an indicator of SES. Conclusions: Although we cannot exclude over-reporting of intake by those with highest SES, it is unlikely that this potential bias could fully explain the differences we have found. Our results suggest that an unhealthier nutrition pattern may exist among adults belonging to lower socio-economic levels in Europe. Sponsorship: The present study was supported by the European Union's FAIR programme .

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Section: Socio-economic Differences In Food Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of socio-economic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables

Irala

Groth

Johansson³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

542

318

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Participants were assigned to one of the following three exercise training conditions: (1) higherintensity (73% to 88% of peak treadmill heart rate) groupbased, (2) higher-intensity home-based, (3) lower-intensity (60% to 73% of peak treadmill heart rate) home-based, or (4) to an assessment-only control group. Participants in the group-based exercise program were encouraged to attend three 60-minute exercise classes per week, with a 40-minute endurance-training period.…”

Section: Sship-i Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] Instead, evidence shows that certain health behaviors are interrelated. For exam-ple, smokers tend to have more negative health habits than nonsmokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do changes in physical activity lead to dietary changes in middle and old age?

Wilcox

King

Castro

et al. 2000

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…), rather than any one of these health behaviors in isolation [1,2]. This trend results in not only higher rates of premature mortality, but also morbidity and disability [3,4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%