Health of farmed fish: its relation to fish welfare and its utility as welfare indicator

Segner, Helmut; Sundh, Henrik; Buchmann, Kurt; Douxfils, Jessica; Sundell, Kristina; Mathieu, C.; Ruane, Neil M.; Jutfelt, Fredrik; Toften, Hilde; Vaughan, Lloyd

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5383-9_6

Cited by 41 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Fish welfare in general is a comprehensive issue integrating physiological, behavioural and cognitive responses, indicating adaptive responses to stressful stimuli. Thus, Segner et al [2] have stated that poor welfare may provide a strong indication for the existence of infectious and non-infectious stressors, leading to impairment in maintaining homeostasis. Fish welfare must be viewed as the interaction of multifactorial effects, such as stocking density, diet, feeding technique, and management procedures, possibly affecting stress levels, subsequent stress tolerance, health, and the presence of aggressive behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Yıldız

Robaina

Pirhonen

et al. 2017

Water

174

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Abstract:Aquaponics is the combination of aquaculture (fish) and hydroponic cultivation of plants. This review examines fish welfare in relation to rearing water quality, fish feed and fish waste and faeces to develop a sustainable aquaponic system where the co-cultured organisms, fish, bacteria in biofilters and plants, should be considered holistically in all aquaponics operations. Water quality parameters are the primary environmental consideration for optimizing aquaponic production and for directly impacting fish welfare/health issues and plant needs. In aquaponic systems, the uptake of nutrients should be maximised for the healthy production of the plant biomass but without neglecting the best welfare conditions for the fish in terms of water quality. Measures to reduce the risks of the introduction or spread of diseases or infection and to increase biosecurity in aquaponics are also important. In addition, the possible impacts of allelochemicals, i.e., chemicals released by the plants, should be taken into account. Moreover, the effect of diet digestibility, faeces particle size and settling ratio on water quality should be carefully considered. As available information is very limited, research should be undertaken to better elucidate the relationship between appropriate levels of minerals needed by plants, and fish metabolism, health and welfare. It remains to be investigated whether and to what extent the concentrations of suspended solids that can be found in aquaponic systems can compromise the health of fish. Water quality, which directly affects fish health and well-being, is the key factor to be considered in all aquaponic systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Yıldız

Robaina

Pirhonen

et al. 2017

Water

174

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“…Stress can be initiated by inadequate water quality, stocking density, diet or feeding technique, infestation by parasites or a disease [11]. The level of stress in farmed fish is usually assessed using physiological parameters [12], while HP parameters are rarely used, especially in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reared in earthen ponds [13][14][15][16]. Contrary to natural freshwater ecosystems, the water quality in fish ponds is monitored and maintained within certain limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrary to natural freshwater ecosystems, the water quality in fish ponds is monitored and maintained within certain limits. However, the interaction between different factors can affect the environment, making it less suitable and consequently induce stress in fish [12]. Environmental stress in fish triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal axis, which helps fish to adapt to environmental change [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological indicators: a useful fish health monitoring tool in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) culture

et al. 2013

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In order to evaluate the relationship between water quality in ponds and indices of histopathological changes occurring in the vital organs of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758), two six-month field experiments were carried out using two different water supplies: from the nearby stream and a tube well. The fish were fed supplemental feed: raw cereals, pelleted and extruded compound feed. Histopathological analysis, alteration frequencies, and semi-quantitative scoring of the changes were used to assess the health status of the fish. Ponds supplied by stream water were characterized by higher water hardness, dissolved oxygen and pH values, while those supplied by the tube well had higher electroconductivity, total ammonium and orthophosphates content. Fish survival rate and habitat suitability index were lower in ponds supplied by stream water, while the weight gain did not differ between the two water supplies. The use of stream water resulted in a higher level of histopathological changes in gills and liver. Among the water quality parameters, pH level had the strongest influence on fish. Differences in water supply produced greater influence on the level of histopathological changes than the type of feed applied. Gills were the most sensitive organ, while the kidney was the least responsive.

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“…The changes in energy maintenance requirements lead to trade-offs with other energydemanding processes such as the functioning of the primary epithelia barrier in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (Segner et al, 2012). In other words, the intestinal morphology alterations induced by an inflammation response is often considered an energy cost.…”

Section: Digestibility and Introgen/energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Feeds, water quality, gut morphology and digestion in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Kim¹

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Health of farmed fish: its relation to fish welfare and its utility as welfare indicator

Cited by 41 publications

References 103 publications

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Histopathological indicators: a useful fish health monitoring tool in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) culture

Feeds, water quality, gut morphology and digestion in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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