Health-Promoting Properties of Proanthocyanidins for Intestinal Dysfunction

González-Quilen, Carlos; Rodríguez-Gallego, Esther; Beltrán‐Debón, Raúl; Pinent, Montserrat; Ardévol, Anna; Blay, Mayte; Terra, Ximena

doi:10.3390/nu12010130

Cited by 73 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can initiate immune response by recognizing microbial antigens known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns ( 57 ). These PRRs comprise Toll-like receptors (TLRs) placed on the cell membrane and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) present in the cytoplasm ( 58 ). Activation of TLR4 by bacterial lipopolysaccharides can modulate inflammatory reactions via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-independent signaling cascades, and MyD88-dependent signaling eventually causes production of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( 59 , 60 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract on Growth, Gene Expression of Gut Integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2020

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Phytogenic feed additives have been gaining considerable interest due to their ability to improve gut health and thereby performance of broiler chickens. The impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) extract (GE) on expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins and gut protection and Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers has not been discussed until now. Thus, the current study assessed the effective dose of GE for maximum growth in broiler chickens, clear-cut molecular mechanisms related to integrity and health of intestine, and controlling C. jejuni colonization. Over a 35-day feeding period, a total of 500 Ross broiler chicks were allocated to five groups; the first group was fed a control diet without GE and the second group to the fifth group were fed a control diet with GE (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg of diet); each group comprised 100 chicks with 10 replicates (10 birds/replicate). Birds fed GE had an improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, the highest body weight gain was observed in the group that received 1 g/kg of GE (P < 0.05). The expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins [occludin and junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)] was upregulated in all groups supplemented with GE. Moreover, birds fed 1 g/kg of GE exhibited the maximum gene expression of occludin and JAM [0.2 and 0.3 fold change, respectively (P < 0.05)]. In relation to enterocyte protective genes [glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2) and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-6)], use of GE significantly upregulated expression of GLP-2 gene with 0.8 fold change in 2 g/kg of the GE supplemented group (P < 0.05) while the expression of FABP-6 gene was not affected by GE supplementation (P > 0.05). After challenge with C. jejuni, the expression of mucin (MUC-2) gene was upregulated and the inflammatory markers such as Toll-like receptors (TLR-4) and interleukin (IL-1β) were downregulated with increasing level of supplemented GE (P < 0.05). The mean log10 count of C. jejuni in cecal samples after 7 days post-infection by culture and real-time qPCR was decreased in groups fed GE in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In addition, the highest reduction of C. jejuni count in cecal samples by culture and real-time qPCR was observed in the group fed 2 g/kg of GE (2.58 and 2.28 log10 CFU/g, respectively). Results from this study suggested that G. glabra extract (1 g/kg) improved growth performance of broiler chickens, as well as influenced the maintenance of intestinal integrity and reduced C. jejuni shedding from infected birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract on Growth, Gene Expression of Gut Integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2020

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“…Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are abundant plant polyphenols, present in a variety of plant foods, including fruits, legumes, nuts and cereals grains [ 10 ]. PAs are among the main biologically active components in cranberry, pomegranate, grape seed and lotus seed extracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, PAs have shown antifungal properties by reducing adherence, biofilm formation and preformed biofilms of Candida albicans [ 13 , 14 ]. Their beneficial effects on intestinal inflammation and barrier integrity have also been reported in several cell culture and animal models of intestinal dysfunction [ 10 ]. Recently, the demand for PAs is increasing and there are numerous studies to prove their further beneficial effects on human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in LPS-Treated IPEC-J2 Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Their Antibacterial Effect against Bacteria of Swine Origin

et al. 2020

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Beneficial effects of flavonoids are widely known in human medicine, but less information is available about their veterinary usage. Based on their antioxidant and antibacterial activity, proanthocyanidins (PAs) and luteolin (LUT) might be used in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections in swine. In this study, in vitro beneficial effects of grape seed oligomeric proanthocyanidins (GSOPs) and LUT were investigated against bacterial endotoxin (LPS)-induced oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 porcine epithelial intestinal cells. Furthermore, antibacterial effects of GSOP and LUT were assessed against field isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium. Both GSOP and LUT were found to possess potent in vitro antioxidant activity in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells; furthermore, they showed a bacteriostatic effect against the tested bacterial strains of porcine origin. Both flavonoids seem to be effective in the protection of porcine intestinal epithelial cells against Gram-negative bacteria in vitro, but further in vivo studies are necessary to confirm these activities and to establish their optimal dosage regimen for future usage in veterinary practice.

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“…Growing evidence indicates that traditional alternative medicines could be valuable as chemotherapeutic and chemo-preventive agents for drug resistant and malignant tumors ( Aggarwal et al, 2006 ; Dennis, Fanous & Mousa, 2009 ; Dorai & Aggarwal, 2004 ; Mehta et al, 2010 ; Meiyanto, Hermawan & Anindyajati, 2012 ; Roy, Jauhari & Bharadvaja, 2018 ; Tan, Gyllenhaal & Soejarto, 2006 ). PACs are the primary component in grape seeds, and they have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro ( González-Quilen et al, 2020 ; Kaur, Agarwal & Agarwal, 2009 ; Lei et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ). Further, PACs influence many genes that are linked to cancer ( Kaur, Agarwal & Agarwal, 2009 ; Ravindranathan et al, 2018 ; Zhou et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proanthocyanidins reduce cellular function in the most globally diagnosed cancers in vitro

Albogami

2020

PeerJ

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Background Growing evidence indicates that proanthocyanidins (PACs) may be effective in treating and preventing various cancers. The fundamental mechanism of PACs inhibiting the proliferation at cellular and molecular levels in most of the cancer types remains unclear. Objective The anticancer efficacy of PACs was investigated in vitro using three human cancer cell lines: human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and human prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-3). Methods Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay, while cell proliferation was measured by trypan blue exclusion method. Cell migration was measured by wound healing assay, and DAPI staining was used to evaluate apoptotic nucleus morphology. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, and caspase enzyme activity assay was measured by caspase colorimetric assay. Results PACs could inhibit both cellular viability and proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion in all investigated cells. Further, all tested cells showed similarly decreased migration after 24- and 48-h PAC treatment. We observed increased apoptotic nucleus morphology in treated cells (p ≤ 0.01). BAX expression significantly increased in HT-29 (p < 0.01), PC-3(p < 0.01), and MCF-7 (p < 0.05) cells, while BCL-2 expression significantly declined (p < 0.05). Caspase activities were significantly increased in all tested cancer cell lines after 24-h PAC treatment. Conclusion PACs may have potential therapeutic properties against colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer.

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Health-Promoting Properties of Proanthocyanidins for Intestinal Dysfunction

Cited by 73 publications

References 188 publications

Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract on Growth, Gene Expression of Gut Integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens

Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract on Growth, Gene Expression of Gut Integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens

Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids in LPS-Treated IPEC-J2 Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Their Antibacterial Effect against Bacteria of Swine Origin

Proanthocyanidins reduce cellular function in the most globally diagnosed cancers in vitro

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