“…Much of the literature on health promotion competencies centers on the positive outcomes which are expected to ensue from their implementation. For example, competencies have been described as a critical component of developing and strengthening health promotion workforce capacity to improve global health in the 21st century, as a key to quality assurance of practice, education and training, and as a means of developing a shared vision of what constitutes the specific knowledge and skills required for effective and ethical health promotion practice (Allegrante et al, 2009; Barry, 2008; Barry, Allegrante, Lamarre, Auld, & Taub, 2009; Barry, Battel-Kirk, & Dempsey, 2012; Battel-Kirk, Dempsey, & Barry, 2018; Battel-Kirk et al, 2009; Dempsey et al, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c; IUHPE, 2009).…”