HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: Psychological Factors and Physical Disease from the Perspective of Human Psychoneuroimmunology

Cohen, Sheldon; Herbert, Tracy B.

doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.113

Cited by 595 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Frequencies of providing different types of care were also measured using a 17-item scale. 16 Individual items from this scale are listed in Table 1, and assessed traditional aspects of social support [17][18][19] (emotional, instrumental, and tangible) and also assistance for medical needs. Caregivers rated frequency for each item using a 4-point Likert-style format (monthly, weekly, 2-3 days a week, daily).…”

Section: Caregiving Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors

Yabroff¹,

Kim²

2009

Cancer

262

216

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BACKGROUND:To the authors' knowledge, little work has been done to estimate the time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors.METHODS:Data from a national survey of caregivers of cancer patients in 2003 to 2006 were used to estimate the time associated with informal caregiving in the 2 years after patient diagnosis with bladder, breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, melanoma of the skin, ovarian, prostate, or uterine cancer, or non‐Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL). Caregivers reported the duration and daily intensity of caregiving as well as the types and frequency of support provided. The median wage rate in 2006 ($16.28) was used to value caregiver time, and other methods to value time were evaluated with sensitivity analyses.RESULTS:On average, caregivers provided care for 8.3 hours per day for 13.7 months. The number of months and daily hours spent caregiving were the highest for cancer survivors diagnosed with distant disease compared with survivors with regional or localized disease (P < .05). Approximately half of caregivers provided emotional, instrumental, tangible, or medical support, although the frequency varied dramatically. Informal caregiver time costs over the 2‐year period after diagnosis were the highest for caregivers of patients diagnosed with lung ($72,702; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $56,814‐$88,590) and ovarian ($66,210; 95% CI, $40,750‐$91,670) cancers and NHL ($59,613; 95% CI, $43,423‐$75,803) and the lowest for caregivers of patients with breast cancer ($38,334; 95% CI, $31,442‐$45,226).CONCLUSIONS:Time spent by informal caregivers was substantial and was an important component of the burden of cancer care. Incorporation of the value of informal caregiver time will be important when evaluating the costs and benefits of cancer control interventions. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4362–73. © 2009 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Caregiving Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors

Yabroff¹,

Kim²

2009

Cancer

262

216

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“…There is also evidence indicating that naturally occurring and induced mood states influence immune function (Cohen & Herbert, 1996;Stone et al, 1994), but also that state measures of negative mood can predict physical symptoms at 3-year follow up (Steptoe & Wardle, 2005). In line with the positive psychology movement (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), attention has also focussed on the possible health benefits of positive affect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effects of conscientiousness on daily stress, affect and physical symptom processes: A daily diary study

Gartland

O’Connor

Lawton

et al. 2013

British J Health Psychol

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Objectives: Higher conscientiousness (C) predicts better health outcomes. Recent research suggests stress may play an important role in explaining this relationship. The current study aimed to establish whether C moderates the relationship between daily hassle appraisals, daily affect and physical symptoms.Design and Methods: A daily diary design was used, where participants (N=103) completed a baseline measure of C followed by a 14-day daily diary, providing daily details of hassles (primary & secondary appraisals) experienced as well as positive and negative affect and physical symptoms.Results: Hierarchical linear modelling revealed that Total C (as well as two facets of C: Order and Industriousness) moderated the relationship between stress appraisals and positive affect. Specifically, the negative association between the daily appraisal of hassles as stressful (i.e., where perceived demands outweighed perceived resources) and positive affect was stronger for lower and average levels of C, Order and Industriousness. No significant moderated effects were found for negative affect or physical symptoms. The Order facet was found to be an important factor predicting attrition.Conclusions: The current study provided evidence that C and two of its facets can moderate the relationship between hassle appraisal and positive affect. C may exert part of its influence on health by modifying the effects of daily stressors.

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“…The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2004) has attributed an increase in deaths of firefighters to cardiac arrest and high blood pressure (Kales et al 2009), and they are noted to suffer from weakened immune systems, musculoskeletal difficulties, and fatigue (Cohen and Herbert 1996). A common reason for leaving the Fire Service for retirement or early retirement is ill-health (Gaught 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interview Study of the Experiences of Firefighters in Regard to Psychological Contract and Stressors

Duran

Woodhams

Bishopp

2018

Employ Respons Rights J

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As the first qualitative study of its kind, this study explored firefighters' beliefs and experiences about the psychological contract between themselves as employees and their employer, workplace stress, stress-management strategies, and their wellbeing. Eleven interviews were conducted with active firefighters from multiple fire stations in the UK. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed using framework analysis. Five superordinate themes were identified and labelled as 'Motives', 'Mutual obligations', 'Stressors and their effects', 'Moderators', and 'Retention factors', each of which contained lower level sub-themes. Psychological contract (PC) is a useful construct to measure firefighters' perceived obligations as their responses reflected multiple facets of PC theory. The current climate of austerity measures appears to be negatively impacting on firefighters in terms of reducing numbers and placing higher task demands on those remaining. Thus, making it very difficult for the UK Fire and Rescue Service (UKFRS) to meet the perceived obligations of their employees. The findings have implications for human resource departments within UKFRS trying to manage the impact of funding cuts and they highlight the potential value of the PC as a construct around which such issues can be explored.

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HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: Psychological Factors and Physical Disease from the Perspective of Human Psychoneuroimmunology

Cited by 595 publications

References 164 publications

Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors

Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors

Investigating the effects of conscientiousness on daily stress, affect and physical symptom processes: A daily diary study

An Interview Study of the Experiences of Firefighters in Regard to Psychological Contract and Stressors

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