Health-related and social factors predicting non-reemployment amongst newly unemployed

Skärlund, Mikael; Åhs, Annika; Westerling, Ragnar

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-893

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Individuals aged 50–65 years face a double vulnerability: social and physical. Firstly, a lower probability of being reemployed than younger ones [ 30 , 31 ] would make individual job loss a relevant factor leading to very important levels of strain or hardships for affected middle-aged individuals during economically challenging times in a context of generalized job insecurity. The diminished expectations of finding a new job would increase their stress, which might raise the risk of increasing the intake of alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Middle-aged and older individuals have greater risk of alcohol-related problems than younger age groups, as they are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of alcohol due to age-related changes [ 26 , 27 ], such as increased sensitivity and decreased tolerance to alcohol and a slower metabolism [ 28 , 29 ]. Economic downturns and shrinking job markets have a substantial negative impact on the re-employment opportunities among individuals approaching retirement [ 30 , 31 ]. This adverse context could place them at higher risk of adopting dangerous drinking patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Job Loss, Unemployment and the Incidence of Hazardous Drinking during the Late 2000s Recession in Europe among Adults Aged 50–64 Years

et al. 2015

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BackgroundTo estimate the incidence of hazardous drinking in middle-aged people during an economic recession and ascertain whether individual job loss and contextual changes in unemployment influence the incidence rate in that period.MethodsLongitudinal study based on two waves of the SHARE project (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). Individuals aged 50–64 years from 11 European countries, who were not hazardous drinkers at baseline (n = 7,615), were selected for this study. We estimated the cumulative incidence of hazardous drinking (≥40g and ≥20g of pure alcohol on average in men and women, respectively) between 2006 and 2012. Furthermore, in the statistical analysis, multilevel Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted and obtained Risk Ratios (RR) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI).ResultsOver a 6-year period, 505 subjects became hazardous drinkers, with cumulative incidence of 6.6 per 100 persons between 2006 and 2012 (95%CI:6.1–7.2). Age [RR = 1.02 (95%CI:1.00–1.04)] and becoming unemployed [RR = 1.55 (95%CI:1.08–2.23)] were independently associated with higher risk of becoming a hazardous drinker. Conversely, having poorer self-perceived health was associated with lower risk of becoming a hazardous drinker [RR = 0.75 (95%CI:0.60–0.95)]. At country-level, an increase in the unemployment rate during the study period [RR = 1.32 (95%CI:1.17–1.50)] and greater increases in the household disposable income [RR = 0.97 (95%CI:0.95–0.99)] were associated with risk of becoming a hazardous drinker.ConclusionsJob loss among middle-aged individuals during the economic recession was positively associated with becoming a hazardous drinker. Changes in country-level variables were also related to this drinking pattern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Loss, Unemployment and the Incidence of Hazardous Drinking during the Late 2000s Recession in Europe among Adults Aged 50–64 Years

et al. 2015

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“…Previous studies including meta-analyses have found support for both mechanisms. On the one hand pre-existing mental ill health is associated with an increased risk of unemployment [2, 5–8] and a lower likelihood of re-employment [2, 9, 10]. On the other hand unemployment is followed by poorer [1–3, 6, 11, 12] and re-employment by improved mental health outcomes [1, 2, 9, 12, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Antidepressant Medication before and after the Onset of Unemployment by Subsequent Employment Experience

Leinonen

Mäki²,

Martikainen

2017

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe unemployed more often suffer from depression than the employed. We examined whether mental health deterioration occurs already before unemployment implicating health selection, or whether it mostly occurs after becoming exposed to the experience rendering causal explanations more likely.MethodsWe used nationally representative Finnish register data to examine changes in depressive morbidity as measured by antidepressant medication in 1995–2009 over four years before and since a new onset of unemployment (N = 28 000) at the age of 30–60 compared to the employed (N = 124 136). We examined separately those who became continuously long-term unemployed, intermittently unemployed and unemployed with eventual re-employment in the second, third or fourth year since the year of onset. Annual repeated measurements were analysed using generalised estimation equations.ResultsAmong the employed antidepressant medication increased slowly but steadily over the study period and it was mainly at a lower level than among the unemployed. In the four years leading to unemployment there was excess increase in medication that was generally stronger among those with longer duration of the eventual unemployment experience. During unemployment medication decreased in all groups except among the intermittently unemployed. By the first year of re-employment antidepressant medication reached a level similar to that among the employed and afterwards followed no consistent trend.ConclusionsThe associations of unemployment and re-employment with depressive morbidity appear to be largely driven by health selection. The question of potential causal associations remains unresolved for intermittent unemployment in particular.

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“…2) Entre los inmigrantes, el desempleo se asocia a un mayor consumo para ambos patrones, aunque la fuerza de la asociación es superior en el CEP. La razón mayoritaria para inmigrar suele ser trabajar (Skarlund, Ahs, y Westerling, 2012), y el impacto de su presencia o ausencia parece influir notablemente en el consumo de alcohol en esta población, como ya había sido indicado (So y Wong, 2006). La relación entre deterioro de salud, consumo de alcohol y desempleo es multidireccional.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…La relación entre deterioro de salud, consumo de alcohol y desempleo es multidireccional. Cada uno de estos factores pueden ser causa o consecuencia de los demás (Skarlund et al, 2012). Y si esto ocurre en cualquier población, es especialmente importante en la inmigrante, cuya situación laboral y redes de apoyo suelen ser más inestables (Gutmann, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Epidemiología del abuso de alcohol entre la población inmigrante en España

Sordo¹,

Ruiz²,

Pulido³

et al. 2015

Adicciones

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In recent years, the immigrant population has substantially increased in Spain. However, there is a lack of information in the knowledge of alcohol abuse among Spanish immigrants. We describe the epidemiology of alcohol abuse among foreign-born immigrants versus Spanish natives. We carried out a cross-sectional study that uses data from the European Survey of Health on the General Population of Spain of 2009. A sample of 22,188 subjects was analyzed (of whom, 3,162 were foreign). Proxies of problematic alcohol consumption were the prevalence of excessive average consumption and the prevalence of excessive episodic consumption (binge drinking). Descriptive analysis of the population, determination of area of origin with major alcohol consumption and related factors for each kind of consumption, separating immigrant and native population, were performed. The immigrant profile was heterogeneous, though predominantly aged between 35 and 54, and were living with their family and working. 3.4% of immigrants and 3.2% of natives were considered excessive drinkers; 8.9% and 10%, respectively, reported binge drinking in the last year. Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe, and Latin America, Andean countries had significantly a higher report of frequent alcohol consumption and/or binge drinking compared to native. On the contrary, born in Africa was a protective factor. Unemployment was the most relevant related factor, being more important in the immigrant population. The excessive alcohol consumption in immigrants is dissimilar; the interventions must be adapted to their social situation, environments and areas of origin.

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Health-related and social factors predicting non-reemployment amongst newly unemployed

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Job Loss, Unemployment and the Incidence of Hazardous Drinking during the Late 2000s Recession in Europe among Adults Aged 50–64 Years

Job Loss, Unemployment and the Incidence of Hazardous Drinking during the Late 2000s Recession in Europe among Adults Aged 50–64 Years

Trajectories of Antidepressant Medication before and after the Onset of Unemployment by Subsequent Employment Experience

Epidemiología del abuso de alcohol entre la población inmigrante en España

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