Health-Related Physical Fitness In Childhood: Status And Recommendations

Simons-Morton, B.

doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.9.1.403

Cited by 72 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It has been suggested that the intensity of physical activity may be important, even in the prepubertal age group (107). Some studies demonstrate poor fitness in children associated with unfavourable blood pressure and lipid profiles (108,109), but not all studies have found this (110). The Bogalusa group has data on its school‐based Heart Smart programme participants suggesting that cardiovascular risk factors remain better correlated with fatness rather than with fitness (111).…”

Section: Measurement Of Physical Activity In Childhood (Table 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of physical activity in the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood: a review and an opinion

2001

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The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing and there are a number of theoretical reasons as to why intervention may be more effective in childhood. There are certain risk times for the development of obesity in childhood, which provide a basis for targeted intervention. In addition, tracking data supports the persistence of obesity, at least in later childhood, as well as cardiovascular risk factors. Physical activity is the discretionary component of energy expenditure and there is evidence that falling levels of physical activity are contributing to the obesity epidemic. Physical activity in children is related to developmental stage, is reduced with increasing age and is influenced by parental physical activity. While there is debate about the immediate health benefits of physical activity to children, there are data to support that lower physical activity levels and sedentary behaviours are associated with a higher prevalence of obesity in children. Physical activity is an accepted strategy in the treatment of established obesity (tertiary prevention). The role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity (primary and secondary prevention) is less clear. However a number of recent school-based interventions directed at either increasing physical activity and/or decreasing sedentary behaviours, have shown encouraging results. On balance, increasing physical activity in children is an attractive and non-restrictive approach to obesity prevention. To adopt this approach requires the support and involvement of many community sectors other than health.

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Section: Measurement Of Physical Activity In Childhood (Table 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of physical activity in the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood: a review and an opinion

2001

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“…The OSRAC focuses on coding children's overt exercise behaviors, but individual differences in how specific physical activities affect HR may be an important consideration. Although specific HR criteria vary, some consider exercise behaviors that increase HR above 140 beats per minute (BPM) as MPA (Simons‐Morton, Parcel, O'Hara, Blair, & Pate, ). Others base their criteria on percentage of maximum HR, which for children is based on age: (208‐[0.7 x Age]), with MPA at least 65% of max and VPA at 85% (Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Using heart rate as a physical activity metric

Eckard

Kuwabara

Camp

2019

J of App Behav Analysis

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Physical activity (PA) is critical for a healthy lifestyle. The current study assessed heart rate (HR) as a primary measure of moderate and vigorous PA with four typically developing children. First, individualized HR assessments were conducted to determine moderate and vigorous HR zones. Next, participants engaged in various exercises at a local YMCA facility (i.e., biking, elliptical, basketball, and exergame boxing) to determine how HR during these activities aligned with their individualized HR zones. During exercise bouts, HR was typically above moderate, but below vigorous HR zones for all participants. Additionally, exercises that restricted range of motion (i.e., biking and elliptical) engendered generally lower HR than exercises with greater range of motion. Vocal instructions to exercise at vigorous levels were effective at increasing HR to vigorous levels for one participant. The advantages of using HR as a metric of PA during assessment and intervention are discussed.

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“…Earlier fitness tests included numerous performance‐based components, but now most school‐administered tests focus primarily on health‐related components, especially aerobic capacity (AC) and body composition (BC). These components are emphasized because of their potential to improve public health …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%