Health-related quality of life among patients with hypertension: population-based survey using EQ-5D-5L in Hong Kong SAR, China

Abstract

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of hypertension and related comorbidities on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQol 5-dimensions instrument with five-level scale (EQ-5D-5L) Hong Kong (HK) version.DesignData were analysed by a secondary data analysis based on a cross-sectional study assessing experience on public specialist outpatient service.SettingA representative sample was recruited from 26 specialist outpatient clinics in HK.ParticipantsA total of 4528 patients with hypertension aged 18 or above who responded to the survey.InterventionEQ-5D-5L HK was applied to assess the HRQoL. The five-dimension descriptive system and the utility index of EQ-5D-5L were treated as the dependent variable in the current study. Regression modelling was applied to estimate the effect of hypertension and related comorbidities on health-related quality of life.ResultsMore respondents were women (53.9%), aged ≥65 years old (60.1%), and with primary educational attainment or below (52.3%). A total of 1466 respondents (32.4%) also reported suffering from diabetes, heart disease (20.8%), vision problem (1.7%) and cancer (1.5%). In the ordinal least squares model, utility decreased most when patients reported having physical disability associated with hypertension (beta=−0.395, SE=0.047), and 0.128, 0.064, 0.05 and 0.048 for mental problem, cancer, vision problem and heart problem. In the Tobit model, the utility reduced most for comorbidity of physical disability, and then mental problem, cancer, vision problem, heart problem and diabetes. For first part of two-part model, respondents coliving with mental problem were 10% less likely to report a full health. For the second part of two-part model, the respondents with physical disability had 0.294 lower in utility.ConclusionsRespondents with hypertension reported a low EQ-5D utility score. Respondents were women, with a high education, fully employed and living with families reported better HRQoL. There is a significant effect of comorbidity influence on the decreased HRQoL, particularly those with physical disability and mental problem.

Evaluation of health-related quality of life using EQ-5D in China during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…So, more people lived with disease for a long time, in particular, chronic non-communicable disease (NCD). Some study using EQ-5D also reported that QOL was lower among individuals with diabetes, gastrointestinal disease, hypertension, heart disease, and so on [29,30]. Our study showed that our respondents with three and above chronic diseases reported lower EQ-5D scores than other respondents, it similes to the Japan and Heilongjiang population results [25,26].…”

Impacts of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Cardinal Health Problems on Health-Related Quality of Life among Korean Older Adults

“…The score found in this study was also slightly higher than those of older adults in England [25] and Canada [26]. In contrast to these findings, the mean HRQoL score of older adults in Hong Kong was higher than that of our subjects [14]. This implies that the HRQoL of the older adult population in Korea is similar to that in Eastern and Western countries.…”

“…According to the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA) [11], half of the Korean older adult population has three or more cardinal health problems such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and activity limitation. Among the cardinal health problems, the chronic diseases are hypertension and dyslipidemia, and previous studies suggested that they affect HRQoL [12][13][14]. Moreover, hypertension leads to physical dysfunction and limited activity [12,15], and obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, or a combination of them, have been reported to be negatively associated with HRQoL [16,17].…”

Relationship between health‐related quality of life and blood pressure control in patients with uncontrolled hypertension

“…HRQoL of patients with hypertension is lower than that of normotensive patients, and the measure of HRQoL is an independent predictor of new‐onset hypertension 9,10 . In addition, HRQoL is lower in hypertensive patients with comorbidities than those with hypertension alone, and the number of comorbidities is independent of HRQOL 11,12 . Poor quality of life can adversely affect the level of adherence to antihypertensive medication 13 .…”