Health-related quality of life in Cuban patients with chronic liver disease: A real-world experience

Is Fatty Liver Associated With Depression? A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Depression and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…To account for differences in the diagnosis of depression as a potential source for heterogeneity, estimates were stratified by diagnostic criteria of depression. Prevalence of depression in NAFLD patients in four studies where depression was identified through clinician-rated scales was 20.26% (CI: 9.38–38.42%) ( 35 , 36 , 41 , 42 ), which was lower than self-reported diagnosis used in three studies where prevalence was 32.43% (CI: 27.03–38.33%) ( 17 , 37 , 40 ) and higher than self-rated depression reported in three studies where prevalence was 8.19% (CI: 4.66–14.01%) ( 21 , 22 , 38 ).…”

“…Of the included studies, one is a prospective study ( 35 ), while the remainder are retrospective studies ( 17 , 21 , 22 , 36 – 41 ). Depression was identified through clinician-rated scales [National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), Version III ( 36 ); DSM-IV-TR ( 35 ) and International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Tenth Revision (ICD-10) ( 41 , 42 )], self-rated scales [HADS ( 21 ), CES-D ( 38 ), Beck Depression Inventory scale ( 22 )], and self-reported physician diagnosis ( 17 , 37 , 40 ). NAFLD was diagnosed through liver biopsy in four studies ( 17 , 21 , 35 , 40 ) and imaging techniques in four studies ( 17 , 22 , 38 , 40 ) and identified through ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes in two studies ( 41 , 42 ).…”

“…Of the included studies, one is a prospective study (35), while the remainder are retrospective studies (17,21,22,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) (17,37,40). NAFLD was diagnosed through liver biopsy in four studies (17,21,35,40) and imaging techniques in four studies (17,22,38,40) and identified through ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes in two studies (41,42). NASH was diagnosed through liver biopsy in one study (36) and identified through selfreported physician diagnosis in another study (37).…”

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Potential Links to Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Stress

“…This study, which was designed to investigate whether HRQoL could be improved by a lifestyle-modification intervention (exercise programme along with dietary recommendations for weight loss), revealed that patients with a 5% weight reduction at the 6-month follow-up showed significantly improved HRQoL [71]. Likewise, a recent study by Castellanos-Fernández et al [72], which incorporated the CLDQ to assess HRQoL among Cuban patients with NAFLD, autoimmune liver diseases, and hepatitis B, documented significantly lower HRQoL for patients with NAFLD and autoimmune liver diseases compared with those with hepatitis B. Interestingly, sleep apnea and abdominal pain were more frequently identified in patients with NAFLD, which may have contributed to reductions in HRQoL among this patient group [72].…”

“…Additionally, it is important to consider the issue of multi-morbidity and overlapping symptoms. Certain studies indicate a potential independent association between mental health and NAFLD [46,70], while others report on the presence of sleep disorders and fatigue in NAFLD patients, which might have an impact on responses to self-report measures related to mental health [72,73]. Furthermore, most of the existing studies in this field utilized cross-sectional research designs, which, although useful for identifying associations, are unable to provide information regarding causality.…”