Health risk assessment and source identification of groundwater arsenic contamination using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis in selected sites from upper Eastern parts of Punjab province, Pakistan

Mushtaq, Nisbah; Masood, Noshin; Khattak, Junaid Ali; Hussain, Ijaz; Khan, Qasim; Farooqi, Abida

doi:10.1080/10807039.2020.1794787

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The ingestion of bovine milk is one of the most important pathways of exposure to chemicals in the tissues in the agricultural food chain. [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Ullah

Talib

Rashid

et al. 2021

Water

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Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources in District Sanghar, Sindh province, Pakistan, to understand the geochemical behavior of elevated As in groundwater. Statistical summary showed the cations and anions abundance in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Arsenic was found with low to high concentration levels ranging from 5 µg to 25 µg/L with a mean value of 12.9 µg/L. A major water type of groundwater samples was mixed with NaCl and CaHCO3 type, interpreting the hydrochemical behavior of rock–water interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the mixed anthropogenic and natural sources of contamination in the study area. Moreover, rock weathering and exchange of ions controlled the hydrochemistry. Chloro-alkaline indices revealed the dominance of the reverse ion exchange mechanism in the region. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) exposed that 17 samples represent poor water, and 11 samples are not suitable for drinking.

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“…The ingestion of bovine milk is one of the most important pathways of exposure to chemicals in the tissues in the agricultural food chain. [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Pakistan, the second-most populated province in Sindh. It is bounded physio graphically with Kirthar and Laki range on the western side [19]. The exploitation and constant pumping out of water for local and domestic purposes in arid and semi-arid regions cause a decline in groundwater quantity and quality [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Ullah

Talib

Rashid

et al. 2021

Water

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“…In the present study, the leaching of rain water in soil may enhance the alkaline characteristics in the groundwater of the study areas. Moreover, the cation exchange process and silicate weathering are also subjected to an increase in the alkaline nature of the groundwater pH (Mushtaq et al, 2021). Electrical conductivity (EC) of groundwater samples ranged from 416-2210 μs/cm, and 310-2148 μs/cm with mean values of 1133 μs/cm and 1083 μs/cm in the groundwater sources of Ghotki and Nawab Shah, respectively.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although arsenic (As) can be released into the groundwater through geogenic sources, anthropogenic activities could enhance As contamination in the aquifers (Vithanage et al, 2017;Mukherjee et al, 2019;Tweed et al, 2020;Mushtaq et al, 2021;Saeed et al, 2021). High As content might also be derived from oxidative desorption in groundwater along with the evaporative process (Naseem and McArthur 2018;Natasha et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characterization, and Suitability Assessment of Drinking Groundwater: Application of Geostatistical Approach and Geographic Information System

Ghani

Ullah

Nawab

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater sources is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, we collected a total of (n = 81) drinking groundwater samples from various groundwater sources, from two districts’ namely Ghotki (n = 44) and Nawab Shah (n = 37) of Sindh, Province, Pakistan. The current research aimed to investigate the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater with elevated arsenic (As), its effect on the health of local population living in the study area, potential sources of groundwater variables, and the suitability of groundwater for ingestion motive. The results showed that groundwater sample variables of both districts had moderate to high concentration levels. The cations concentrations were observed in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca+ > Mg+ > K+, for both districts, while anions abundance was HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > F− > NO3− in the Ghotki, and HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > F− in the Nawab Shah, respectively. Arsenic (As) had low to high concentration levels in both districts, observed with average values of 10.1 μg/L and 21.0 μg/L in the Ghotki and Nawab Shah, respectively. The water type was mixed CaMgCl type in both districts, while the groundwater sources were saturated for CO3 minerals indicated by the saturation indices results. Principal component analysis showed the geogenic source of ion exchange, dissolution of minerals, weathering of host rocks and anthropogenic input of industrial activities, agricultural practices and domestic waste for groundwater contamination. The water quality index (WQI) exhibits that majority of groundwater samples (73.6% of Ghotki and 65.7% of Nawab Shah) were suitable for drinking. The non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of As were (>1) in groundwater samples of the Ghotki and Nawab Shah, while a high mean HQ value (8.78 × 100) was recorded for children in Nawab Shah. The carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As were significantly higher than the maximum threshold CR value (1 × 10–4). This study emphasized that monitoring strategies are substantially needed to mitigate the As contamination to reduce the potential health risk.

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“…They have been intensively studied by scholars from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Vietnam, and China [ 9 , 10 ]. Many scholars believe that exposure to As causes critical health problems such as skin and bladder cancers [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. CrIII and CrVI are the main forms of chromium in the environment; CrVI can result in an increase in tumors, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer listed it as a confirmed human carcinogen as early as 1990 [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Health Risks Posed by Heavy Metal Contamination of Groundwater in the Sunan Coal Mine, China

Wang

Tao

Su³

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Groundwater is often used for domestic and irrigation purposes, even in mining areas. Mine drainage, rainfall, and infiltration cause heavy metal enrichment, adversely affecting the groundwater and harming human health. In this study, water samples (October 2021) in the Suzhou southern coal mining area were analyzed for the heavy metals As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn to determine potential effects of heavy metal contamination on environmental quality and human health. It was found that 22% and 31% of the sampling sites had “excellent” and “good” water quality, respectively. Excessive concentrations of Fe and Mn were detected in 47% and 72% of the samples, respectively. The non-carcinogenic health risk values of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were below the negligible levels of health risk set by various environmental agencies. Content ranking was as follows: Fe > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Zn > As, with Fe accounting for 43%. All sampling points exceeded the maximum acceptable level of Cr recommended by the agencies. Chromium, the major carcinogenic factor in the study area, contributed to 95.45% of the total health risk. Therefore, the authorities in this region must closely monitor three heavy metal elements—Fe, Mn, and Cr.

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Health risk assessment and source identification of groundwater arsenic contamination using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis in selected sites from upper Eastern parts of Punjab province, Pakistan

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Hydrogeochemical Characterization, and Suitability Assessment of Drinking Groundwater: Application of Geostatistical Approach and Geographic Information System

Environmental and Health Risks Posed by Heavy Metal Contamination of Groundwater in the Sunan Coal Mine, China

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