Health risk assessment of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A leaching from plastic bottles of milk and soft drinks

Farooq, Muhammad Umar; Jalees, Muhammad Irfan; Quratulain, -; Hussain, Ghulam; Anis, Mehwish; Islam, Ummara

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14653-4

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Polycarbonates are widely used due to their high durability in a wide temperature range (from −40 °C to +145 °C), hardness, resistance to acids, and transparency [ 7 ]. Both polycarbonates and epoxy resins are used in the manufacture of food storage packaging, e.g., beverage [ 8 ] bottles, baby bottles [ 9 ], and food storage containers [ 10 ]. Polycarbonates are also used for the manufacture of medical equipment [ 11 ], digital carriers such as compact discs [ 12 ], as well as toys for children [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Antioxidants Reduce the Toxicity of Bisphenol?

2022

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BPA is still the subject of extensive research due to its widespread use, despite its significant toxicity resulting not only from its negative impact on the endocrine system but also from disrupting the organism’s oxidative homeostasis. At the molecular level, bisphenol A (BPA) causes an increased production of ROS and hence a change in the redox balance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and modulation of cell signaling pathways. Importantly, these changes accumulate in animals and humans, and BPA toxicity may be aggravated by poor diet, metabolic disorders, and coexisting diseases. Accordingly, approaches using antioxidants to counteract the negative effects of BPA are being considered. The preliminary results that are described in this paper are promising, however, it should be emphasized that further studies are required to determine the optimal dosage and treatment regimen to counteract BPA toxicity. It also seems necessary to have a more holistic approach showing, on the one hand, the influence of BPA on the overall human metabolism and, on the other hand, the influence of antioxidants in doses that are acceptable with the diet on BPA toxicity. This is due in part to the fact that in many cases, the positive effect of antioxidants in in vitro studies is not confirmed by clinical studies. For this reason, further research into the molecular mechanisms of BPA activity is also recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Antioxidants Reduce the Toxicity of Bisphenol?

2022

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“…The results indicate that exposure to BPA through the use of baby bottles is a risk to babies health. In contrast, Farooq et al 30 has previously reported the daily exposure dose (DED) of BPA in milk samples as 1.42 to 2.67 and 5.58 to 10 µg/kg, which was lower than 50 µg of BPA/kg of body weight standard limit.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Bpa In Polymeric Baby Bottlesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The reported concentrations of BPA migrated into baby bottles according to the relevant available studies are as the mean ± SD of 3.185 ± 4.99 µg/L and the median of 1.33 with 1.27 and 1.38 µg/L as low and high limits, respectively. Farooq et al 30 determined the level of leachate containing BPA caused by milk plastic packaging as 0.17 to 0.32 and 0.77 to 1.59 mg/kg, in winter and summer, respectively. Wang et al also calculated the average amount of BPA as 20.8 and 1394.3 ng/L in both PET and PC bottles, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Bisphenol A in Polymeric Baby Bottles

Dehdashti

Nikaeen

Amin

et al. 2023

Environ�Health�Insights

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In recent decades, paying attention to bisphenol A (BPA), as one of the endocrine disruptor compounds, has increased due to its harmful effects. Although, scattered studies have been conducted in order to measure BPA concentration migrated into polymeric baby bottles in different countries of the world, there are no review studies and evaluation with a global perspective in the field of BPA risk. Some of these studies indicated the potential risks and estrogenic effects associated with BPA in babies’ daily intake. For this purpose, we reviewed the information on the migration levels of BPA into baby bottles has been reported in 10 countries. The potential risks associated with BPA through the daily intake as well as the estrogenic effect on 3 age groups of babies which include 0 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12 to 24 months were analyzed using the Monte Carlo simulation. Also, kinetic models were applied to predict the kinetics of the migration process of BPA. The median daily intake for 3 age groups was obtained as 191.1, 161.37, and 153.76 µg/kg/day, respectively; which indicated Hazard Index (HI) > 1. The median estrogenic effect for the 3 groups was estimated to be 0.021 ngE2/L. The kinetics of contaminant transfer with Polynomial model at 2 temperatures of 24°C and 40°C showed a better fit with R2 = 0.99 and 0.91, respectively. Based on the risk assessment analysis conducted in the present study, the BPA migration in baby bottles appeared to be a health concern for babies. Therefore, it is needed to increase the safety level of bottles for babies as they are sensitive and vulnerable members of every society. Furthermore, in this study, only the investigation of the global situation of BPA in polymeric baby bottles was stated; therefore, more investigation about another potential sources of BPA in food chain is needed.

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“…The amount of BPA detected in this study is higher than the amount of BPA we found in the raw milk sample (0.340 lg/L). Farooq et al (2021) analysed samples from a total of 12 containers of milk in the winter and summer seasons for BPA in commercial milk sold in 1-liter plastic bottles. Their results showed that BPA was determined to be 0.17-0.32 mg/kg in winter (n = 6) and 0.77-1.59 mg/kg in summer (n = 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Bisphenol a (BPA) migration in Şavak brine cheese stored in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging by HPLC method

Tan,

Demir,

Arslan

2023

Int J of Dairy Tech

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound widely used especially in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA is a carcinogen and comes into foods due to plastic materials that come into contact with foodstuffs. The aim of this research was to determine the change in the BPA level in Savak brined white cheese during cold storage in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages. For this purpose, two groups were assigned as control (standard cheese produced by raw cow's milk) and BPA (cheese produced from the raw cow milk with 1 mg/L BPA added). The cheese samples were packed in PET packages containing, an 18% brine solution, and stored at +4°C for 270 days. The statistically significant difference was found in BPA levels between the control and BPA‐added group in PET packages (P ≤ 0.05). The BPA levels in the brine solution and cheese of the control group were determined between 0.443–0.747 μg/L and 0.927–1.237 μg/kg, respectively. BPA levels in the brine and cheeses of the BPA‐added group were between 1387–1894 μg/L and 3702–4205 μg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the using of BPA in cheese production leads to very high levels of BPA even during long storage and poses a risk to consumer health.

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Health risk assessment of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A leaching from plastic bottles of milk and soft drinks

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Can Antioxidants Reduce the Toxicity of Bisphenol?

Can Antioxidants Reduce the Toxicity of Bisphenol?

Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Bisphenol A in Polymeric Baby Bottles

Determination of Bisphenol a (BPA) migration in Şavak brine cheese stored in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging by HPLC method

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