Health risk assessment of exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in a composite manufacturing plant: Monte-Carlo simulations

Saberi, Hamid Reza; Majdabadi, Masoud Askari; Yazdanirad, Saeid; Carlsen, Lars

doi:10.1080/10807039.2023.2167193

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Studies from regions like South Africa and Turkey indicate that the health risks posed by exposure to BTEX are all within acceptable levels [70,71]; Hedayatzade et al discovered a non-carcinogenic risk value of 5.75 for BTEX in the Ahvaz region of Iran, which is significantly higher than the standard value of 1, and the carcinogenic risk levels of benzene are considered acceptable [72]. Khoshakhlagh et al conducted a health risk assessment for BTEX in a composite manufacturing plant [73]. The results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk values for benzene, ethylbenzene and xylene were 46.00, 6.96, and 22.4 times higher than the threshold set by the USEPA.…”

Section: Health Risks Of Btex In the Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Transport Fluxes of BTEX in Soil and Atmospheric Phases at a Decommissioned Steel Mill Site in China with a Long History

Li,

Xie,

Ding

et al. 2023

Toxics

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BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), as characteristic pollutants in chemical plant sites, are widely present in the environment and pose a serious threat to the health and safety of nearby residents. Studying the spatial distribution characteristics and transport fluxes of BTEX in soil and air at contaminated sites and the health risks they pose to humans is of great significance for fine pollution control and environmental management. This study took a typical decommissioned steel plant as a case study. A total of 23 soil and air samples were collected from different locations to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of BTEX in soil and air. The transport and fate of BTEX in soil and air were evaluated using the fugacity model, and finally, a human health risk assessment was conducted. The results indicate a relatively severe level of benzene pollution in both soil and air. The maximum exceedance factor of benzene in soil samples is 31.5, with the concentration exceedance depth at 1.5 m. The maximum concentration of benzene in air samples is 4.98 μg·m−3. Benzene, at 5.9% of the site, shows a low flux with negative values, while other components at various locations all exhibit a trend of transport from the soil phase to the atmospheric phase. Benzene is the pollutant that contributes the most to the transport flux from soil to air within the site. The coking area and sewage treatment area are key areas within the steel mill where BTEX accumulate easily in the soil. The non-carcinogenic risk values of the individual components of BTEX in the soil are below the acceptable risk level. However, the carcinogenic risk value of benzene in the children’s exposure scenario exceeds the carcinogenic risk level of 10−6. The carcinogenic risk range of various components of BTEX in the air is 2.63 × 10−6~3.88 × 10−5, with 28.6% of the locations exceeding the threshold of 10−6. The range of the total HI (hazard index) is 2.08 × 10−4~1.81 × 10−1, all of which is below the safety threshold of 1. The results of this study will provide scientific support for the fine pollution control and environmental management of industrial contaminated sites with BTEX as their typical pollutants.

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Section: Health Risks Of Btex In the Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Transport Fluxes of BTEX in Soil and Atmospheric Phases at a Decommissioned Steel Mill Site in China with a Long History

Li,

Xie,

Ding

et al. 2023

Toxics

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“…The water produced by gas industries contains high amounts of low-molecularweight aromatic hydrocarbons, including saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatics, organic acids, phenols, toluene, xylenes, and volatiles [10][11][12][13] . Notably, xylenes are one of the potentially hazardous chemicals and pose a significant threat to human health [14,15] . The excessive health risks caused by the xylene isomers are well documented in the recent literature [16][17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated mesoporous polystyrene-1D multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite as potential adsorbent for efficient removal of xylene isomers from aqueous solution

Krishnan,

Rajendran

2023

Charact. Appl. Nanomater.

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Xylene isomers are notorious chemical hazards, and their efficient removal from water solutions is still challenging. The current study reports a polymer nanocomposite as a potential adsorbent for successfully removing dissolved xylene isomers from contaminated water. Polystyrene-1D multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite (PS-MWCNT) adsorbent was prepared using the one-step bulk polymerization method. Mesoporous PS-MWCNT was prepared using the nano-crystallization phase separation method. The sulfonation of the mesoporous PS-MWCNT nanocomposites was carried out by treating the samples with concentrated sulfuric acid at elevated temperatures. The sulfonated PS-MWCNT (HO3S-PS-MWCNT) was found to be a potential adsorbent for dissolved xylene isomers from water solution. In addition, the HO3S-PS-MWCNT can be efficiently recycled for up to 10 consecutive cycles with negligible decline in adsorption values. The exhibited equilibrium adsorption, rate of adsorption, and rapid regeneration of the HO3S-PS-MWCNT are clear indications for the possibility of practical utilization of these adsorbents in large-scale water treatment plants.

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“…Risk assessment is a methodology that allows estimating the risk level which living beings are exposed according to possible exposure settings. Due to the VOCs persistence in urban areas, several authors have suggested that the characterization of pollutants and spatial representation should be accompanied by risk assessment studies, based on toxicological characteristics of polluting chemical compounds [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of non-conventional pollutants (BTEX) in air by means of chemometrics techniques

Sánchez-Andica

Salas-Chávez

Páez-Melo

2023

Preprint

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In this work, chemometric and spatial interpolation methods were used to characterize non-conventional pollutants in the atmosphere of the city of Santiago de Cali (Colombia), The contaminants were monitored using passive diffusion samplers during two (2) periods (January to February and March to April) in two consecutive years before the pandemic (2020). None of the cases exceeded the concentration limits established by the National Air Quality Standard. The Cluster analysis allowed evidencing the existence of groups, which correspond to low, medium and high influence sites of the pollutants. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) led to gathered all the variables in two constituents: the first one (PC1) could be related as an indicator of pollutant mobile sources due to the similar contribution of pollutants, while the second one (PC2) as an indicator for punctual emissions of toluene, as it was the one that contributed the most. The performance of the spatial analysis drove to identify the downtown and north of the city as areas of high-influence of PC1, at the same time, a substantial decrease in its effects to the periphery, particularly towards the south. On the other hand, with the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) it was possible to observe the hot-spots of both PCs, particularly real estate construction areas and the downtown industrial sector of the city. Finally, it was found a cancer risk in downtown and north-eastern areas of the city, related to the exposure to benzene and ethylbenzene; observation that coincide in the area of incidence of PC1.

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Health risk assessment of exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in a composite manufacturing plant: Monte-Carlo simulations

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Transport Fluxes of BTEX in Soil and Atmospheric Phases at a Decommissioned Steel Mill Site in China with a Long History

An Analysis of the Spatial Characteristics and Transport Fluxes of BTEX in Soil and Atmospheric Phases at a Decommissioned Steel Mill Site in China with a Long History

Sulfonated mesoporous polystyrene-1D multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite as potential adsorbent for efficient removal of xylene isomers from aqueous solution

Characterization of non-conventional pollutants (BTEX) in air by means of chemometrics techniques

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