Health risk assessment of kerosene usage in an informal settlement in Durban, South Africa

E, Müller; Diab, R. D.; Binedell, Michelle; Hounsome, R

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00125-0

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Calculation of cancer risk requires the carcinogenic potency of the specific compound and the mean exposure of the target group. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) associated to benzene in the different study areas was calculated by multiplication of the chronic daily intake (CDI) by the IRIS system potency factor (IRIS—Integrated Risk Information System) for benzene (IPCS, 2000; Hoddinott and Lee, 2000; Muller at al., 2003; Guo et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor–outdoor distribution and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of industrial and urban areas

Massolo

Rehwagen

Porta

et al. 2009

Environmental Toxicology

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which play an important part indoors and outdoors, comprise differing compound groups such as n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and terpenes. In the current study, samples were analyzed from indoor (schools and houses, n = 92) and outdoor (n = 33) air in urban, industrial, semirural and residential areas from the region of La Plata (Argentine) to consider VOC exposure in different types of environments. VOCs were sampled for 1 month during winter for 3 years, with passive 3M monitors. Samples were extracted with CS(2) and analyzed by GC/MS detectors. The results show significant differences in concentration and distribution between indoor and outdoor samples, depending on the study area. Most VOCs predominantly originated indoors in urban, semirural and residential areas, whereas an important outdoor influence in the industrial area was observed. In all areas alkanes and aromatic compounds dominated, even though a different chemical distribution was seen. Traffic burden was determined as the major source of outdoor VOC with a benzene/toluene ratio close to 0.5. Indoors, C9-C11 alkanes, toluene and xylenes dominated, caused by human activities. In contrast, in the industrial area higher concentrations of hexane, heptane and benzene occurred outdoors and affected the indoor air significantly. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) associated to the benzene exposure was calculated for children from the different study areas. For all groups the study showed a LCR value greater than 1 x 10(-6) related to the benzene exposure indoors as well outdoors. A value two magnitudes higher was detected indoors in the industrial area, what demonstrates the high risk for children living in this area of La Plata.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor–outdoor distribution and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of industrial and urban areas

Massolo

Rehwagen

Porta

et al. 2009

Environmental Toxicology

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The particulate matter and carbon di oxide emitted by burning kerosene are inflammatory agents that lead to breaches in the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract, hence increasing the risk of respiratory tract infections. 26,27 There is a need to investigate further the role of indoor air pollution on the risk of acute respiratory tract infections among the slum population, particularly among under-five children, and the impact of improving indoor air quality on childhood mortality. Such an investigation could involve indoor monitoring of air quality and levels of particulate matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Pattern of Pneumonia Mortality among Under-Five Children in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements

Yé

Zulu

Mutisya

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Using longitudinal data from the Nairobi Urban and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS), we examined the seasonal pattern of pneumonia mortality among under-five children living in Nairobi's slums. We included 17,787 under-five children resident in the NUHDSS from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2005 in the analysis. Four hundred thirty-six deaths were observed and cause of death was ascertained by verbal autopsy for 377 of these deaths. Using Poisson regression, we modeled the quarterly mortality risk for pneumonia. The overall person-years (PYs) were 21,804 giving a mortality rate of 20.1 per 1,000 PYs in the study population. Pneumonia was the leading cause of death contributing 25.7% of the total deaths. Pneumonia mortality was highest in the second quarter (risk ratio [RR] = 2.3, confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-4.2 compared with the fourth quarter). The study provides evidence that pneumonia-related mortality among under-fives in Nairobi's slums is higher from April to June corresponding to the rainy season and the beginning of the cold season.

show abstract

“…Paraffin dependence is supported by several studies in poor urban settlements. A study in Cato Manor (Durban), for example, found that 87% of households were reliant on paraffin for cooking (Muller et al, 2003), while a study in Alexandra (Johannesburg) found that 52% of households were reliant on paraffin for cooking (De Wet et al, 2001). A multi-site survey found a high reliance on paraffin even after electrification in Lady Grey (North Eastern Cape) (90% of households relied on paraffin), Benoni (Gauteng) (73%), Gugulethu (Western Cape) (73%) and Galashewe (Northern Cape) (56%) (Roberts & Wentsel, 2006).…”

Section: Level Of Economic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household energy, indoor air pollution and child respiratory health in South Africa

Barnes¹,

Mathee²,

Thomas³

et al. 2009

J. energy South. Afr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indoor air pollution due to the indoor burning of polluting fuels has been associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) amongst children less than five years old. This paper reviews evidence of the association between household energy, indoor air pollution and child ALRI in South Africa. Studies show evidence consistent with the international literature with the likelihood of ALRI between 2 and 4 amongst children living in households using polluting fuels compared to households using electricity. Indoor air pollution is responsible for the deaths of up to 1 400 children annually. Interventions have demonstrated 46 -97% lower pollution concentrations compared to open fires. However, the sustainability of selected interventions has been questioned in certain contexts. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence and highlights opportunities for further research.

show abstract

Health risk assessment of kerosene usage in an informal settlement in Durban, South Africa

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

Indoor–outdoor distribution and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of industrial and urban areas

Indoor–outdoor distribution and risk assessment of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of industrial and urban areas

Seasonal Pattern of Pneumonia Mortality among Under-Five Children in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements

Household energy, indoor air pollution and child respiratory health in South Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About