Health Risk Behaviors With Synthetic Cannabinoids Versus Marijuana

Clayton, Heather B.; Lowry, Richard; Ashley, Carmen; Wolkin, Amy; Grant, Althea M.

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2675

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Seven cross-sectional studies were included in the review and are detailed in Table 3a. As shown, studies varied in study populations, ranging from those with psychosis following SC use (Altinas et al, 2016) to adult (Cohen et al, 2017;Gunderson et al, 2014) and adolescent cannabis users who have ever used SCs (Blevins et al, 2016) to high school students who have used SCs and NCs (Clayton et al, 2017). In addition, all studies acknowledged an overlap between NC and SC use, with those having used SCs having typically also using NC.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-sectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the studies by Bonar, Ashrafioun and Ilgen (2014) and Clayton et al, (2017) it appears that SC users are generally younger and more likely to be male than non-SC users. These two studies also reported on ethnicity and while one found that SC users were significantly more likely to be white (Bonar et al, 2014) the other found that they were less likely to be white (Clayton et al, 2017). However, this difference may be related to their different study populations: high school students (Clayton et al, 2017) compared to substance use disorder patients in treatment (Bonar et al, 2014).…”

Section: Cross-sectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

What are the psychological effects of using synthetic cannabinoids? A systematic review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), are typically full agonists at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, therefore considerably more potent than natural cannabis (NC) and may have correspondingly more serious psychological effects. Despite government sanctions against their production they continue to be available in ever-increasing varieties over the internet. Psychological consequences of SC use are relatively unknown. Aim: To synthesise the available research on the psychological consequences of SC use. Method:

show abstract

Section: Cross-sectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-sectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-sectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

What are the psychological effects of using synthetic cannabinoids? A systematic review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most SCs' users are young men, many with a history of polysubstance use [24], housing problems or a history of arrests [46]. Recent studies indicate that students using SCs tend to engage in more risky behaviors than students who use marijuana alone [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic cannabinoids: characteristics, use and clinical implications

Hervás¹

2017

Arch Psych Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthetic cannabinoids are chemicals that bind to cannabinoid receptors and produce effects similar to those of tetrahydrocannabinol. Although initially designed as possible pharmacological tools, they are currently one of the most important of the so-called new drugs. Some of these cannabinoids are extremely potent and have serious effects on the health of the users who are primarily young people. Its use can affect the behavior unpredictably (many users do not really know what they are consuming), and produce more adverse consequences than marijuana.This article reviews the most important characteristics of these substances, the consequences of their consumption and the clinical implications that derive from it.

show abstract

“…Nonetheless, multiple accounts claim that he kept smoking marijuana and started abusing other drugs and alcohol. During his arrest for the Charleston shooting, Roof told police officers that he abused drugs before committing such heinous act [5,25,26].…”

Section: Marijuana Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cases of Marijuana and Violence

Miller

Ipeku

Oberbarnscheidt

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marijuana is the most consumed illicit drug in the world, with over 192 million users. Due to the current legalization push of marijuana in the United States, there has been a lack of oversight regarding its public health policies, as marijuana advocates downplay the drug's negative effects. This paper's approach is from a public health perspective, focusing specifically on the cases of violence amongst some marijuana users. Here, we present 14 cases of violence with chronic marijuana users that highlight reoccurring consequences of: marijuana induced paranoia (exaggerated, unfounded distrust) and marijuana induced psychosis (radical personality change, loss of contact with reality). When individuals suffering from pre-existing medical conditions use marijuana in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms, ultimately this worsens their conditions over time. Although marijuana effects depend on the individual's endocannabinoid receptors (which control behavioral functions, like aggression) and the potency level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the drug, scientifically documented links between certain marijuana users and violence do exist. Wider public awareness of the risks and side effects of marijuana, as well as a more prudent health policy, and government agency monitoring of the drug's composition, creation, and distribution, are needed and recommended. of cardiovascular diseases, and deterioration in health for individuals who have pre-existing mental health issues such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, social anxiety, and depression [4][5][6].According to research studies, marijuana use causes aggressive behavior, causes or exacerbates psychosis, and produces paranoia. These effects have been illustrated through case studies of highly publicized incidents and heightened political profiles.These cases contain examples of repeated illustrations of aggression, psychosis and paranoia by marijuana users and intoxication. Ultimately, without the use and intoxication of marijuana, the poor judgment and misperceptions displayed by these individuals would not have been present, reducing the risk for actions that result in senseless deaths. Import to these assertions, is that the current marijuana is far more potent in THC concentrations, the psychoactive component. Accordingly, and demonstrated in direct studies, more potent marijuana results in a greater risk for paranoid thinking and psychosis. In turn, paranoid behavior increases the risk for paranoid behaviors and predictably associated with aggressive and violent behaviors.

show abstract

Health Risk Behaviors With Synthetic Cannabinoids Versus Marijuana

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Data are limited on the behavioral risk correlates of synthetic cannabinoid use. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavioral risk correlates of synthetic cannabinoid use with those among marijuana users.

Cited by 42 publications

References 37 publications

What are the psychological effects of using synthetic cannabinoids? A systematic review

What are the psychological effects of using synthetic cannabinoids? A systematic review

Synthetic cannabinoids: characteristics, use and clinical implications

A Review of Cases of Marijuana and Violence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About