Health risks of essential Ni and Fe via consumption of water spinach Ipomoea aquatica collected from Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a worldwide issue where it may bring upon the bioaccumulation of the pollutants in crops such as vegetables [1]. Human activities such as mining, the use of agricultural pesticides, and untreated water irrigation contributed to a major part of metal contamination in soil and vegetables [2,3]. Metal-contaminated vegetables has been a major concern for consumers because it constitutes one of the main route of heavy metals into the

Human Health Risk Assessment of Some Selected Heavy Metals in <em>Brassica rapa</em> var. <em>parachinensis</em> in Peninsular Malaysia

“…The vegetable samples were dried and ground in a commercial blender before being stored in plastic bags for later analysis. The samples were then digested with nitric acid through the acid digestion method [14]. Digested samples were filtered and stored in acid-washed pillboxes before they were analyzed for Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) model Thermo Scientific iCE 3000 series.…”