Health risks of Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh: a call for global attention

Islam, M. Mufakharul; Nuzhath, Tasmiah

doi:10.7189/jogh.08.020309

Cited by 83 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Human security approach thus enriches the synergy between measures to address these issues. For example, among the nearly one million Rohingyas, an Islamic minority group, living in a refugee camp in Bangladesh, there is a growing concern about a serious infectious disease epidemic, including measles, cholera, and typhoid [40]. Also, as global warming progresses, the distribution of vectors such as mosquitoes that transmit Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever, may expand [41,42].…”

Section: Synergies Through the Human Security Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Japan’s development assistance for health, 2012–2016

et al. 2020

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Background: Development assistance for health (DAH) is one of the most important means for Japan to promote diplomacy with developing countries and contribute to the international community. This study, for the first time, estimated the gross disbursement of Japan's DAH from 2012 to 2016 and clarified its flows, including source, aid type, channel, target region, and target health focus area. Methods: Data on Japan Tracker, the first data platform of Japan's DAH, were used. The DAH definition was based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) sector classification. Regarding core funding to non-health-specific multilateral agencies, we estimated DAH and its flows based on the OECD methodology for calculating imputed multilateral official development assistance (ODA). Results: Japan's DAH was estimated at 1472.94 (2012), 823.15 (2013), 832.06 (2014), 701.98 (2015), and 894.57 million USD (2016) in constant prices of 2016. Multilateral agencies received the largest DAH share of 44.96-57.01% in these periods, followed by bilateral grants (34.59-53.08%) and bilateral loans (1.96-15.04%). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) was the largest contributors to the DAH (76.26-82.68%), followed by Ministry of Finance (MOF) (10.86-16.25%). Japan's DAH was most heavily distributed in the African region with 41.64-53.48% share. The channel through which the most DAH went was Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis,. Between 2012 and 2016, approximately 70% was allocated to primary health care and the rest to health system strengthening.Conclusions: With many major high-level health related meetings ahead, coming years will play a powerful opportunity to reevaluate DAH and shape the future of DAH for Japan. We hope that the results of this study will enhance the social debate for and contribute to the implementation of Japan's DAH with a more efficient and effective strategy.

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Section: Synergies Through the Human Security Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Japan’s development assistance for health, 2012–2016

et al. 2020

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Section: Plos Medicinementioning

confidence: 95%

“…myopia generally reported in economically deprived settings [20] and may also indicate a higher prevalence of other, nonrefractive ocular conditions such as infections [21,22], which have been documented in the Rohingya camps. The existing literature on visual health among displaced populations, including a recent review [11], has documented high prevalence of blindness [12,[22][23][24][25] in these communities, ranging from 1.3% to 26.2% [11]. However, few published studies [26][27][28][29] have focused on the delivery of eye care services rather than simply assessing the existing burden, and none of these have measured the demand for comprehensive eye care service in a defined refugee community, beyond a single disease focus such as refractive error [27][28] or trachoma [29].…”

Section: Plos Medicinementioning

confidence: 95%

Burden of eye disease and demand for care in the Bangladesh Rohingya displaced population and host community: A cohort study

Ahmed¹,

Whitestone²,

Patnaik

et al. 2020

PLoS Med

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Background There is a growing awareness that addressing chronic as well as acute health conditions may contribute importantly to the well-being of displaced populations, but eye care service has generally not been prioritized in crisis situations. We describe a replicable model of eye care provision as delivered by Orbis International and local partners to the Rohingya and host population in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, and characterize the burden of vision impairment and demand for sight-restoring services in this setting. Methods and findings Orbis International and local secondary facility Cox's Bazar Baitush Sharaf Hospital (CBBSH) provide eye care support to the Rohingya population and the host community of all ages in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, with fixed vision screening locations established in Camps 4 and 11 of the Kutupalong refugee settlement. Structured outreach targets these camps and four surrounding local subdistricts, with referrals made as needed for refraction (glasses measurement) and cataract surgery to CBBSH. Between February 2018 and March 2019, 48,105 displaced Rohingya (70.3%, among whom 71.6% were children and 46.5% women) and 20,357 local residents (29.7%, 88.5% children, 54.4% women) underwent vision screening. Displaced Rohingya sought services from a total of 12 surrounding camps, within which coverage was 17.3%, including 43.3% (27,027/62,424) of children aged 5-11 years and 60.0% (5,315/8,857) of adults � 60 years old. The prevalence of blindness (presenting acuity < 3/60) among Rohingya patients exceeded that among local residents by 3-to 6-fold in each 10-year age group between 18 and 59 years (P < 0.001 comparing vision between the two groups in this age range), and the prevalence of cataract requiring surgery was also higher in Rohingya patients (18-29 years: 4.67% versus 1.80%,

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“…[50][51][52][53] Displaced women and their newborns face sub-optimal access to ANC, skilled attendance at birth, PNC, and vaccination, and subsequently experienced poor health outcomes even prior to the pandemic-induced disruptions of essential services. [54][55][56][57] Global and local efforts must be established to ensure that displaced populations have access to appropriate infection prevention measures, testing and treatment, and to quality maternal and newborn services to halt anticipated exacerbations of negative health outcomes. 29,52 Personal Experiences.…”

Section: Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic

Semaan

Audet

Huysmans

et al. 2020

Preprint

178

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ObjectiveTo prospectively document experiences of frontline maternal and newborn healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignCross-sectional study via an online survey disseminated through professional networks and social media in 12 languages. We analysed responses using descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis disaggregating by low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs).Setting 81 countries, between March 24 and April 10, 2020.Participants 714 maternal and newborn healthcare providers. Main outcome measuresPreparedness for and response to COVID-19, experiences of health workers providing care to women and newborns, and adaptations to 17 outpatient and inpatient care processes during the pandemic. ResultsOnly one third of respondents received training on COVID-19 from their health facility and nearly all searched for information themselves. Half of respondents in LMICs received updated guidelines for care provision compared with 82% in HICs. Overall, only 47% of participants in LMICs, and 69% in HICs felt mostly or completely knowledgeable in how to care for COVID-19 maternity patients. Facility-level responses to COVID-19 (signage, screening, testing, and isolation rooms) were more common in HICs than LMICs. Globally, 90% of respondents reported somewhat or substantially higher levels of stress. There was a widespread perception of reduced use of routine maternity care services, and of modification in care processes, some of which were not evidence-based. ConclusionsSubstantial knowledge gaps exist in guidance on management of maternity cases with or without COVID-19. Formal information sharing channels for providers must be established and mental health support provided. Surveys of maternity care providers can help track the situation, capture innovations, and support rapid development of effective responses. We would like to thank the study participants who took time to respond to this survey despite the difficult circumstances and increased workload. We acknowledge the Institutional

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Health risks of Rohingya refugee population in Bangladesh: a call for global attention

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Tracking Japan’s development assistance for health, 2012–2016

Tracking Japan’s development assistance for health, 2012–2016

Burden of eye disease and demand for care in the Bangladesh Rohingya displaced population and host community: A cohort study

Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic

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