Health Risks of Self-Employment

Lewin‐Epstein, Noah; Yuchtman‐Yaar, Ephraim

doi:10.1177/0730888491018003003

Cited by 110 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Boyd and Webb (1982), in examining the incidence of 'type A' personalities (thought to be linked to coronary heart disease) among a sample of small business owners, found that stress reduction programmes needed to be implemented for the majority of the sample. In a similar finding, using medical data from a sample of self-employed Israelis, Lewin-Epstein and Yuchtman-Yaar (1991) concluded that there were higher levels of behavioural and psychological risk for self-employed than salaried workers. The choices that older self-employed individuals make about the characteristics of their firm and their work practices may mitigate some of the negative aspects of self-employment.…”

Section: Assumption 3: Being Self-employed Will Be a Positive Work Exmentioning

confidence: 68%

Self-employment: Policy panacea for an ageing population?

Lewis

Walker

2011

Small Enterprise Research

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Section: Assumption 3: Being Self-employed Will Be a Positive Work Exmentioning

confidence: 68%

Self-employment: Policy panacea for an ageing population?

Lewis

Walker

2011

Small Enterprise Research

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“…The autonomy, independence, and ownership central to entrepreneurship may cushion the selfemployed against realizing the full negative impact of high stress, uncertainty, and pressure (Lewin-Epstein and Yuchtman-Yaar 1991). Stressors may be appraised as less threatening by entrepreneurs and may cause less subjective distress (Hausser et al 2010).…”

Section: Entrepreneur Mental Health and Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families

et al. 2018

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Psychiatric conditions and sub-threshold psychiatric temperaments may influence entrepreneurs' affect, cognition, energy, motivation, circadian rhythms, activity levels, self-concept, creativity, and interpersonal behaviors in ways that influence business outcomes. We used a self-report survey to examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of five psychiatric conditions among 242 entrepreneurs and 93 comparison participants. Mental health differences directly or indirectly affected 72% of the entrepreneurs in this sample, including those with a personal mental health history (49%) and family mental health history among the asymptomatic entrepreneurs (23%). Entrepreneurs reported experiencing more depression (30%), ADHD (29%), substance use (12%), and bipolar disorder (11%) than comparison participants. Furthermore, 32% of the entrepreneurs reported having two or more mental health conditions, while 18% reported having three or more mental health conditions. Asymptomatic entrepreneurs (having no mental health issues) with asymptomatic families constituted only 24% of the entrepreneur participants. Entrepreneurs' psychiatric issues can affect their functioning and that of their ventures. Therefore, integrating knowledge about psychiatric conditions with research on personality traits can broaden the understanding of how mental healthrelated traits, states, and family history can influence entrepreneurial outcomes. We discuss methodological limitations as well as implications of our findings for entrepreneurship research and practice.

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“…Similarly, Parker and Rougier (2007) report that older workers with poor health are less likely to move into self-employment in Britain. Self-employment is associated with longer work hours than paid employment and considerable strains (Lewin-Epstein and Yuchtman-Yaar, 1991), which may deter less healthy persons from this choice, in addition to the implications for health insurance costs discussed. The partial effect of spousal poor health is not significant when controlling for the HICD in our estimations.…”

Section: The Effect Of the Health Insurance Cost Differentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Insurance and Entry into Self-Employment

Fossen

König

2015

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. We estimate the impact of a differential treatment of paid employees versus self-employed workers in a public health insurance system on the entry rate into entrepreneurship. In Germany, the public health insurance system is mandatory for most paid employees, but not for the selfemployed, who usually buy private health insurance. Private health insurance contributions are relatively low for the young and healthy, and until 2013 also for males, but less attractive at the other ends of these dimensions and if membership in the public health insurance allows other family members to be covered by contribution-free family insurance. Therefore, the health insurance system can create incentives or disincentives to starting up a business depending on the family's situation and health. We estimate a discrete time hazard rate model of entrepreneurial entry based on representative household panel data for Germany, which include personal health information, and we account for non-random sample selection. We estimate that an increase in the health insurance cost differential between self-employed workers and paid employees by 100 euro per month decreases the annual probability of entry into selfemployment by 0.38 percentage points, i.e. about a third of the average annual entry rate. The results show that the phenomenon of entrepreneurship lock, which an emerging literature describes for the system of employer provided health insurance in the USA, can also occur in a public health insurance system. Therefore, entrepreneurial activity should be taken into account when discussing potential health care reforms, not only in the USA and in Germany. Terms of use: Documents inJEL classification: L26, I13, J2.

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Health Risks of Self-Employment

Cited by 110 publications

References 25 publications

Self-employment: Policy panacea for an ageing population?

Self-employment: Policy panacea for an ageing population?

The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families

Public Health Insurance and Entry into Self-Employment

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