Health safety of parabens evaluated by selected in vitro methods

Svobodová, Lada; Kejlová, Kristína; Rucki, Marián; Chrz, Jan; Kubincova, P.; Dvořáková, Marcela; Kolářová, Hana; Jírová, Dagmar

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105307

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…On the other hand, linalool and limonene are not considered harmful, being naturally present in many plants. Finally, although methyl paraben is known to be an endocrine disruptor chemical, it is also present in a wide variety of dairy products at higher concentrations and it has a low toxicity and lower endocrine disrupting activity compared with other parabens. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, dissipation differences between families could be related to their volatility: benzene derivatives have lower enthalpy of vaporization (ΔH vap ) than naphthalene derivatives, e.g., benzene has a ΔH vap = 33.83 kJ/mol, while naphthalene has a ΔH vap = 45.13 kJ/mol. 24,25 This could be the reason that benzene derivatives dissipated faster than naphthalene derivatives.…”

Section: Targeted Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of Volatile Additives from Plant Protection Products in Tomatoes Using HS-SPME-GC-HRMS: Targeted and Suspect Approaches

Marín-Sáez,

López-Ruiz,

Romero-Gonzalez

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Additives present in plant protection products (PPPs) are normally not monitored after sample treatments. In this study, the fate of additives detected by targeted and nontargeted analysis in tomato samples treated with two PPPs was carried out. The study was carried out in a greenhouse for 12 days, in which two applications with each PPP were made. Compounds were extracted by applying a headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), performing targeted and suspect approaches. Three targeted and 15 nontargeted compounds were identified at concentration levels of up to 150 μg/kg. Compounds detected encompassed benzene, toluene, indene, and naphthalene derivatives, as well as conservatives and flavouring compounds. Most of them degraded in less than 7 days after the second application, following first-order kinetic. This study aims to reduce knowledge gaps regarding additives and their fate under real climatic conditions of greenhouses cultivations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Targeted Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Volatile Additives from Plant Protection Products in Tomatoes Using HS-SPME-GC-HRMS: Targeted and Suspect Approaches

Marín-Sáez,

López-Ruiz,

Romero-Gonzalez

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…For example, the preservative triclosan may lead to the disruption of sexual hormones as well as the deregulation of the thyroid function [59,69,72]. Furthermore, the famously phenyl-, benzyl-, pentyl-, isopropyl-, and isobutyl parabens have been banned from cosmetic products by the European Commission (EC)-amended Annexures II and V of the EU Cosmetic Regulation since 2014 due to no submitted safety evaluation data [69,71,73]. Therefore, preservatives mark an ethical area of formulation where safety should be considered above the functionality of ingredients [69].…”

Section: Preservatives and Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Selecting Excipients for Dermal Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

2023

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Self-emulsification is considered a formulation technique that has proven capacity to improve oral drug delivery of poorly soluble drugs by advancing both solubility and bioavailability. The capacity of these formulations to produce emulsions after moderate agitation and dilution by means of water phase addition provides a simplified method to improve delivery of lipophilic drugs, where prolonged drug dissolution in the aqueous environment of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract is known as the rate-limiting step rendering decreased drug absorption. Additionally, spontaneous emulsification has been reported as an innovative topical drug delivery system that enables successful crossing of mucus membranes as well as skin. The ease of formulation generated by the spontaneous emulsification technique itself is intriguing due to the simplified production procedure and unlimited upscaling possibilities. However, spontaneous emulsification depends solely on selecting excipients that complement each other in order to create a vehicle aimed at optimizing drug delivery. If excipients are not compatible or unable to spontaneously transpire into emulsions once exposed to mild agitation, no self-emulsification will be achieved. Therefore, the generalized view of excipients as inert bystanders facilitating delivery of an active compound cannot be accepted when selecting excipients needed to produce self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs). Hence, this review describes the excipients needed to generate dermal SEDDSs as well as self-double-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SDEDDSs); how to consider combinations that complement the incorporated drug(s); and an overview of using natural excipients as thickening agents and skin penetration enhancers.

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“…This amount is until now indicated as the ADI for parabens by the European Medicines Agency ( European Medicines Agency, 2015 ). Expert panel reviews ( No, 2008 ) and in vitro toxicological tests ( Svobodova et al, 2023 ) confirmed the safety of use of some allowed parabens at the highest recommended concentrations in cosmetic products and drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Paraben exposure through drugs in the neonatal intensive care unit: a regional cohort study

Iacobelli,

Commins,

Lorrain

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background and objectives: Environmental factors influence the development of very preterm infants (VPIs, born at less than 32 weeks of gestation). It is important to identify all potential sources of paraben exposure in these vulnerable infants. We aimed to quantify paraben exposure via drug administration in a cohort of VPI cared for in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out over a five-year period in a regional setting (two NICUs using the same computerized order-entry system). The main outcome was exposure to paraben-containing drugs. The secondary outcomes were: time of the first exposure, daily intake, number of infants exceeding paraben acceptable daily intake (ADI: 0–10 mg/kg/d), duration of exposure, and cumulative dose.Results: The cohort consisted of 1,315 VPIs [BW 1129.9 (±360.4) g]. Among them, 85.5% were exposed to paraben-containing drugs. In 40.4% of infants, the first exposure occurred during the second week of life. Mean paraben intake and duration of exposure were, respectively, 2.2 (±1.4) mg/kg/d and 33.1 (±22.3) days. The cumulative paraben intake was 80.3 (±84.6) mg/kg. The ADI was exceeded in 3.5% of exposed infants. Lower GA was associated with higher intake and longer exposure (p < 0.0001). The main molecules involved in paraben exposure were: sodium iron feredetate, paracetamol, furosemide, and sodium bicarbonate + sodium alginate.Conclusion: Commonly used drugs are potential source of parabens, and ADI can be easily exceeded in VPIs cared for in NICUs. Efforts are needed to identify paraben-free alternative formulations for these vulnerable infants.

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Health safety of parabens evaluated by selected in vitro methods

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Monitoring of Volatile Additives from Plant Protection Products in Tomatoes Using HS-SPME-GC-HRMS: Targeted and Suspect Approaches

Monitoring of Volatile Additives from Plant Protection Products in Tomatoes Using HS-SPME-GC-HRMS: Targeted and Suspect Approaches

The Science of Selecting Excipients for Dermal Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems

Paraben exposure through drugs in the neonatal intensive care unit: a regional cohort study

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