In the context of ageing, the problem of health among older adults needs special attention. The article attempts to analyze key health indicators among older people, their perception and acceptance of their own age, as well as the perception of them by others. The article also analyzes processes of inclusion of older people in the economic, social, and cultural life. Trying to determine the age boundaries of an old age, the author comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to identify a single correct classification, due to the heterogeneity of the “elderly” group, the discrepancy between their views on life, the difference in health status and their perceptions of illnesses. The analysis factors influencing this heterogeneity will help to understand the main problems of life expectancy and will make it possible to develop more effective programs to prolong a healthy lifestyle and active aging. The author analyzes such health indicators as: life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, self-assessment of health, social and medical literacy of the elderly population. The author does not ignore the COVID-19 pandemic, which had an impact on physical and mental health of older people, as they were the main risk group during the pandemic.The article is based on the results of the most significant and recent Russian and foreign works in the fields of sociology of ageing and sociology of health. The methodological basis of the work is a secondary analysis of research data from the Public Opinion Foundation (FOM), the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM), etc.