Health status of women affected by homelessness: A cluster of in concreto human rights violations and a time for action

Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.; Gkiouras, Konstantinos; Pepa, Aleks; Persynaki, Angeliki; Taousani, Eleftheria; Milapidou, Maria; Smyrnakis, Emmanouil; Goulis, Dimitrios G.

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.09.007

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 227 publications

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“…The four review papers were comprised of a narrative review conducted in Greece (Grammatikopoulou et al, 2021); a scoping review conducted in Canada (Andermann et al, 2021), a scoping review conducted in the USA (Bray & McLemore, 2021), and a literature review conducted in the USA (Perri et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Living standards: Six (n = 6) included papers were in the domain of living standards (Andermann et al, 2021; Bray & McLemore, 2021; Goodsmith, Ijadi-Maghsoodi, Melendez, & Dossett, 2021; Grammatikopoulou et al, 2021; Perri, Metheny, Matheson, Potvin, & O’Campo, 2021; Zhang, Limaye, & Means, 2021)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The six included living standards papers included four reviews (Andermann et al, 2021; Bray & McLemore, 2021; Grammatikopoulou et al, 2021; Perri et al, 2021), one cohort study (Zhang et al, 2021); and one case study (Goodsmith et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health: Six (n = 6) included papers were within the domain of health (Banati & Idele, 2021;Das et al, 2021;Davic et al, 2021;Figueroa, Luo, Aguilera, & Lyles, 2021;Ray et al, 2021;Saad et al, 2021;Steinert, Alacevich, Steele, Hennegan, & Yakubovich, 2021) Living standards: Six (n = 6) included papers were in the domain of living standards (Andermann et al, 2021;Bray & McLemore, 2021;Goodsmith, Ijadi-Maghsoodi, Melendez, & Dossett, 2021;Grammatikopoulou et al, 2021;Perri, Metheny, Matheson, Potvin, & O'Campo, 2021;Zhang, Limaye, & Means, 2021) Personal security: Two (n = 2) included papers were within the domain of personal security (i.e., violence against women) (Chatzifotiou & Andreadou, 2021;Hinton et al, 2021).…”

Section: Six Equality and Human Rights Commission (Ehrc) Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bridges to Moms project provides an antenatal outreach programme for homeless mothers, thus preventing long stays in neonatal intensive care units (Zhang et al, 2021). The importance of providing multidimensional care to homeless women was emphasised (Grammatikopoulou et al, 2021). This care includes adequate water and sanitation, quality food, psychological support, disease management, acute health care, opportunities for employment and support for minor dependents.…”

Section: Living Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What innovations can address inequalities experienced by women and girls due to the COVID-19 pandemic across the different areas of life/domains: work, health, living standards, personal security, participation and education?

Spencer

Hartfiel

Hendry

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background / Aim of Rapid Review The COVID-19 pandemic has led to differential economic, health and social impacts illuminating prevailing gender inequalities (WEN Wales, 2020). This rapid review investigated evidence for effectiveness of interventions to address gender inequalities across the domains of work, health, living standards, personal security, participation, and education. Key Findings Extent of the evidence base 21 studies were identified: 7 reviews, 6 commentaries and 8 primary studies Limited evidence for the effectiveness of identified innovations in minority groups A lack of evaluation data for educational interventions A lack of evidence for cost-effectiveness of the identified interventions 14 additional articles were identified in the grey literature but not used to inform findings (apart from the Education domain, where there was a lack of peer-reviewed evidence). Recency of the evidence base All studies were published in 2020-2021 Summary of findings Some evidence supported interventions/innovations related to work: Permanent contracts, full-time hours, and national childcare programmes to increase income for women and thereby decrease the existing gender wage gap. More frequent use of online platforms in the presentation of professional work can reduce gender disparities due to time saved in travel away from home. Some evidence supported interventions/innovations related to health: Leadership in digital health companies could benefit from women developing genderfriendly technology that meets the health needs of women. Create authentic partnerships with black women and female-led organisations to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality (Bray & McLemore, 2021). Some evidence supported interventions/innovations related to living standards including: Multi-dimensional care provided to women and their children experiencing homelessness. Limited evidence supported interventions/innovations related to personal security including: Specific training of social workers, psychologists and therapists to empower women to use coping strategies and utilise services to gain protection from abusive partners. Helplines, virtual safe spaces smart phone applications and online counselling to address issues of violence and abuse for women and girls. Very limited evidence supported interventions/innovations related to participation including: Use of online platforms to reduce gender disparities in the presentation of academic/professional work. Ensuring equal representation, including women and marginalised persons, in pandemic response and recovery planning and decision-making. Limited evidence from the grey literature described interventions/innovations related to education including: Teacher training curricula development to empower teachers to understand and challenge gender stereotypes in learning environments. Education for girls to enable participation in STEM. Policy Implications This evidence can be used to map against existing policies to identify which are supported by the evidence, which are not in current policy and could be implemented and where further research/evaluation is needed. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational innovations, the effectiveness of the innovations in minority groups and the social value gained from interventions to address gender inequalities. Strength of Evidence One systematic review on mobile interventions targeting common mental disorders among pregnant and postpartum women was rated as high quality (Saad et al., 2021). The overall confidence in the strength of evidence was rated as low due to study designs. Searches did not include COVID specific resources or pre-prints. There may be additional interventions/innovations that have been implemented to reduce inequalities experienced by women and girls due to the COVID-19 pandemic but have not been evaluated or published in the literature and are therefore not included here.

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