Health status of workers approximately 60 years of age and the risk of early death after compulsory retirement: A cohort study

Sakurai, Masaru; Ishizaki, Masao; Miura, Katsuyuki; Nakashima, Mitsuyoshi; Morikawa, Yuko; Kido, Teruhiko; Naruse, Yuchi; Suwazono, Yasushi; Nogawa, Kôji; Nakagawa, Hideaki

doi:10.1002/1348-9585.12088

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There were 12 studies [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] (13 cohorts; 187,866 participants) with general populations (Table S3). Of these, seven cohorts were in East Asia, and three cohorts in each Europe and North America.…”

Section: General Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between body mass index and all‐cause mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2023

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SummaryFasting insulin and c‐reactive protein confound the association between mortality and body mass index. An increase in fat mass may mediate the associations between hyperinsulinemia, hyperinflammation, and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the “average” associations between body mass index and the risk of mortality and to explore how adjusting for fasting insulin and markers of inflammation might modify the association of BMI with mortality. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies published in 2020. Studies with adult participants where BMI and vital status was assessed were included. BMI was required to be categorized into groups or parametrized as non‐first order polynomials or splines. All‐cause mortality was regressed against mean BMI squared within seven broad clinical populations. Study was modeled as a random intercept. β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals are reported along with estimates of mortality risk by BMIs of 20, 30, and 40 kg/m2. Bubble plots with regression lines are drawn, showing the associations between mortality and BMI. Splines results were summarized. There were 154 included studies with 6,685,979 participants. Only five (3.2%) studies adjusted for a marker of inflammation, and no studies adjusted for fasting insulin. There were significant associations between higher BMIs and lower mortality risk in cardiovascular (unadjusted β −0.829 [95% CI −1.313, −0.345] and adjusted β −0.746 [95% CI −1.471, −0.021]), Covid‐19 (unadjusted β −0.333 [95% CI −0.650, −0.015]), critically ill (adjusted β −0.550 [95% CI −1.091, −0.010]), and surgical (unadjusted β −0.415 [95% CI −0.824, −0.006]) populations. The associations for general, cancer, and non‐communicable disease populations were not significant. Heterogeneity was very large (I2 ≥ 97%). The role of obesity as a driver of excess mortality should be critically re‐examined, in parallel with increased efforts to determine the harms of hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation.

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Section: General Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between body mass index and all‐cause mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2023

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“…Additionally, other potential risk factors like the psychosocial work environment ( Watanabe et al, 2018 ) and occupational physical activity ( Brighenti-Zogg et al, 2016 ) should be investigated over the working life-course and among older workers. MetS has been related to early death after retirement ( Sakurai et al, 2020 ) and possibly lower quality of life in retirement due to MetS related consequences like CVD and T2DM ( Laiteerapong et al, 2011 ; Schofield et al, 2012 ), thus it is important to examine the effect of the retirement transition on MetS and its components. It is currently unclear how the retirement transition influences objective health outcomes like MetS ( Xue, Head, & McMunn, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to investigate MetS and the individual MetS components among older workers as MetS related consequences like CVD and T2DM are related to an increased risk for early work exit and disability benefits ( Kouwenhoven-Pasmooij, Burdorf, Roos-Hesselink, Hunink, & Robroek, 2016 ). Further, the number of MetS components at the age of 60 is significantly associated with early death after retirement ( Sakurai et al, 2020 ) and the quality of life in retirement can be affected by CVD and T2DM ( Laiteerapong et al, 2011 ; Schofield et al, 2012 ). A recent literature review reported that most studies about MetS among workers are cross-sectional and focus on the general working population ( Santana, das Merces, Magalhães, Costa, & D’Oliveira, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome incidence in an aging workforce: Occupational differences and the role of health behaviors

Runge

Zon

Bültmann

et al. 2021

SSM - Population Health

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This study investigates whether the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its components, differs by occupational group among older workers (45–65 years) and whether health behaviors (smoking, leisure-time physical activity, diet quality, and alcohol consumption) can explain these differences. A sample of older workers (N = 34,834) from the North of the Netherlands was investigated. We analyzed data from two comprehensive measurement waves of the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank. MetS components were determined by physical measurements, blood markers, medication use, and self-reports. Occupational group and health behaviors were assessed by questionnaires. The association between occupational groups and MetS incidence was examined using logistic regression analysis. Health behaviors were subsequently added to the model to examine whether they can explain differences in MetS incidence between occupational groups. Low skilled white-collar (OR: 1.24; 95 % CI: 1.12, 1.37) and low skilled blue-collar (OR: 1.37; 95 % CI: 1.18, 1.59) workers had a significantly higher MetS incidence risk than high skilled white-collar workers. Similar occupational differences were observed on MetS component level. Combinations of unhealthy behaviors were more prevalent among blue-collar workers. MetS incidence in older workers differs between occupational groups and health behaviors explain a substantial part of these differences. Health promotion tailored to occupational groups may be beneficial specifically among older low skilled blue-collar workers. Research into other factors that contribute to occupational differences is needed as well as studies spanning the entire working life course.

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“…11 17 Moreover, a higher number of MetS components at the age of 60 is associated with early death after retirement. 18 To date, only a few studies have investigated the effect of employment transition type on MetS incidence among older workers. 12 Two longitudinal studies investigated MetS incidence after transitioning from employment to retirement and unemployment, and another two longitudinal studies examined the effect of retirement on metabolic biomarkers.…”

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitioning out of work and metabolic syndrome incidence: a longitudinal study among 13 303 older workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank

Runge

Zon

Bültmann

et al. 2022

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundThis study investigates (1) whether different employment transition types (ie, unemployment, work disability, early retirement and regular retirement) are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence among older workers (50–64 years) and (2) whether occupational group moderates the association between employment transition type and MetS incidence.MethodsA sample of 13 303 older Dutch workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank was examined using longitudinal data from two comprehensive measurement waves with a mean follow-up time of 3.7 years. MetS components were based on physical measures, blood markers and medication use. Employment transitions were determined using questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between employment transition type and MetS incidence.ResultsOlder workers who transitioned from employment to unemployment (adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.82) or work disability (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.10) had a significantly higher MetS incidence than the working control group. No association between early retirement or regular retirement with MetS incidence was found after adjusting for sociodemographic, educational and occupational factors. Occupational group did not moderate the association between employment transition type and MetS incidence.ConclusionThe results suggest that older workers who transition from employment to unemployment or work disability are at risk for developing MetS. More awareness among occupational physicians and general practitioners about MetS incidence in late working life is needed in general and more specific among older workers who transition into unemployment or work disability.

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Health status of workers approximately 60 years of age and the risk of early death after compulsory retirement: A cohort study

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Associations between body mass index and all‐cause mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Associations between body mass index and all‐cause mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Metabolic syndrome incidence in an aging workforce: Occupational differences and the role of health behaviors

Transitioning out of work and metabolic syndrome incidence: a longitudinal study among 13 303 older workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank

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