Health systems and the right to health: an assessment of 194 countries

Backman, Gunilla; Hunt, Paul; Khosla, Rajat; Jaramillo-Strouss, Camila; Fikre, Belachew Mekuria; Rumble, Caroline; Pevalin, David J.; Páez, Fausto David Acurio; Pineda, Mónica Armijos; Frisancho, Ariel; Tarco, Duniska; Motlagh, Mitra; Fărcășanu, Dana; Vlădescu, Cristian

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61781-x

Cited by 377 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Among its key findings, a study to determine the success factors for reducing maternal and child mortality, which involved 194 countries classified as Low and Medium Income Countries (LMIC) by the World Bank in 1990, found that success countries entrenched health as human right in their national constitutions [6]. This is an abler for resource allocation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These important roles have been proven time and again as central pillars of health and there is abundant evidence that well supported frontline health workers bring about essential improvements in health conditions of millions of poor populations in countries with limited resources [5,6]. We summarize selected success stories below.…”

Section: Archivos De Medicina Issn 1698-9465mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these success stories, we learn that the critical elements required in order to strengthen primary health care in health systems and achieve universal coverage include among others the following [5][6][7][8]19]. …”

Section: Lessons From Success Storiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontline Health Workers Nobel Role in Disease Prevention for Achieving Global Health Security: Why are we not Learning the Lessons?

Kitua¹

2017

J Healthc Commun

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Frontline health workers are trusted, knowledgeable health personnel, who belong to the communities they serve. They are well accepted and relied on by the communities and form the central pillar of effective health systems key to reducing preventable deaths and achieving universal health coverage. They are the foundation of disease intelligence essential to efforts to eliminate diseases and prevent disease outbreak. However, against such important roles and proven cost effectiveness in achieving health outcomes, they are among the most neglected cadre of health workforce in Africa and other parts of the world. They are poorly equipped and remain exposed to disease risks, and except in few countries, receive inadequate training, lack supervision and career development. In addition, they work as unpaid volunteers. Where they have been well recognized and supported to perform their roles, they have proven to be effective, affordable and reliable in achieving health outcomes. We share examples of success stories and important lessons that poor access to health services is not strictly linked with low economic level, but rather reflects a lack of political will and determination by leaders to protect their most vulnerable populations. We urge governments to enshrine health as a fundamental human right in their national constitutions and invest in Primary Health Care by build an army of Frontline Health workers capable of preventing diseases and outbreaks at source, hence saving money for developmental activities and education. We need louder voices to advocate training and maintaining of frontline health workers, especially in resource limited countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Archivos De Medicina Issn 1698-9465mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontline Health Workers Nobel Role in Disease Prevention for Achieving Global Health Security: Why are we not Learning the Lessons?

Kitua¹

2017

J Healthc Commun

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“…(Backman et al, 2008(Backman et al, : 2054 Of the 72 indicators selected, only a half--dozen would be considered as based on a biological definition of a healthy organism (such as infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, and life expectancy). The vast majority of the indicators related to recognition of the right to health, non--discrimination, health information, participation, financing, awareness, and accountability.…”

Section: A Health In the Who Constitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence and scope of the human right to health

Marks¹

2013

Advancing the Human Right to Health

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“…A recent study of 194 countries identified 72 indicators of the extent to which health systems and policies incorporated "right-to-health features" (Backman et al, 2008). The study found, for instance, that only 56 of the 160 countries that have ratified ICESCR had legally recognized the right to health, and 88 countries "did not have in place an adequate health information system for maternal deaths, suggesting that their health systems are seriously deficient in terms of both the right to health and relevant WHO building blocks."…”

Section: Realizing Health-related Human Rights: Domestic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing health equity in the global marketplace: How human rights can help

Schrecker

Chapman

Labonté

et al. 2010

Social Science & Medicine

108

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Citation for published item:hre kerD ed nd gh pm nD eudrey nd v ont¡ eD on ld nd he ogliD o erto @PHIHA 9edv n ing he lth equity in the glo l m rketpl e X how hum n rights n helpF9D o i l s ien e medi ineFD UI @VAF ppF ISPHEISPTF Further information on publisher's website: httpXGGdxFdoiForgGIHFIHITGjFso s imedFPHIHFHTFHRP Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Social science medicine. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be re ected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A de nitive version was subsequently published in Social science medicine, 71, 8, 2010, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.06.042 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractThe Commission on Social Determinants of Health ascribed health disparities within and between countries to "a toxic combination of poor social policies and programmes, unfair economic arrangements, and bad politics." This article analyzes the relevance of the international human rights framework (IHRF) to the Commission's goal of reducing health disparities with reference to both social scientific and legal scholarship. We begin with an overview of the IHRF, demonstrating its potential as a challenge to the normative foundations of the emerging global economic order. We then survey the research literature on mechanisms to ensure accountability for realization of health-related rights, emphasizing the potential effectiveness of making human rights enforceable through the courts, and the special need for mechanisms to hold countries and international institutions accountable for obligations related to the human right to health. We conclude by identifying three key directions for further research, policy and advocacy: comparative human rights litigation, specifically the willingness of courts to address broad policy and budgetary issues; the conditions under which governments legislate or constitutionalize economic and social rights; and how rich, powerful countries affect economic and social rights outside their borders.3

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Health systems and the right to health: an assessment of 194 countries

Cited by 377 publications

References 14 publications

Frontline Health Workers Nobel Role in Disease Prevention for Achieving Global Health Security: Why are we not Learning the Lessons?

Frontline Health Workers Nobel Role in Disease Prevention for Achieving Global Health Security: Why are we not Learning the Lessons?

The emergence and scope of the human right to health

Advancing health equity in the global marketplace: How human rights can help

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