“…In the same case, the welfare state configuration model should require conformity consideration with existing social, cultural, and economic conditions in a country (Esping-Andersen, 1990). In Asian countries, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Indonesia, they have a living arrangement of elderly people in care-giving that tends to rely on families and communities (Chi, 2012;Arifin, Braun, & Hogervorst, 2012;Rammohan & Magnani, 2012;Mehta, 2012;Kim, Lee, Chun, Lee, & Park, 2019;Yuda, 2018b).…”