Healthcare practitioners and students’ PEP knowledge, attitude and adherence in Southern Africa

Abstract

Introduction and backgroundGlobal statistics show the prevalence of possible occupational human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure and infection within one's (Health Care Practitioner [HCP]) career to be 56.2%, and considering sociodemographic factors, the prevalence is about 54.8% (Mengistu, Tolera & Demmu 2021). Because of the manner of work, it is common for HCPs to be exposed to blood, needle stick injuries or the possibility of infection. Annually, 35.7 million HCPs are subject to percutaneous exposures (Shil & Upashe 2020). In Africa, the prevalence of occupational exposure is approximately 92% among HCPs depending on the year (Mossburg et al. 2019). Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was designed as a 'reactive' method to prevent HIV infection, serving the same purpose as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which may be considered a 'proactive/preventative' measure. Postexposure prophylaxis is a measure provided to minimise the risk of infection following potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens (Smoot 2021;Tekalign et al. 2022). Post-exposure prophylaxis includes counselling, risk assessments, relevant laboratory investigations and 4 weeks of antiretroviral treatment with follow-up and support. Thus, in the event of occupational exposure, HCPs who wish to take PEP should have adequate information and a counselling session that would assist them in fully benefiting from PEP and preventing HIV transmission (Adebimpe 2018). Rossouw et al. (2014) claim that all cases of occupational exposure involve noticeable risk; hence, it is substantial for HCPs to take the PEP drug post-exposure. However, we find that even with the Background: There is a high prevalence of occupational exposure among health care practitioners (HCPs) around the globe. One of the risk factors of HIV infection among HCPs is occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through blood or fluid from HIV-infected individual. Therefore, because of this prevalence, there is a need to have sufficient knowledge and information regarding post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Sufficient PEP knowledge assists individuals in utilising PEP in case of exposure to HIV.

Perspective Chapter: Stigma and Its Impact on People Living with Epilepsy in Rural Communities

“…In the realm of education, individuals with epilepsy in rural communities may encounter obstacles that impede their access to quality education. Stigma and misconceptions about epilepsy can lead to exclusion from educational opportunities or limited support within educational institutions [61]. Teachers, administrators, and peers may lack awareness and understanding of epilepsy, resulting in a lack of appropriate accommodations and support for affected students [8].…”

“…The psychological impact of epilepsy-related stigma can be significant. Individuals with epilepsy often experience heightened anxiety, depression, and diminished selfworth because of the negative societal attitudes they encounter [61]. Fear of public judgement and discrimination can lead to increased stress levels, social anxiety, and avoidance of social situations.…”

Occupational Exposure to Infectious Diseases among Health Workers: Effects, Managements and Recommendations

“…patient relationship. The doctor-patient relationship has attained an unparalleled degree of stress in China right now [3].…”

“…

Check for updatespatient relationship. The doctor-patient relationship has attained an unparalleled degree of stress in China right now [3].In addition [4], Policies to make the healthcare environment safer for healthcare workers can be informed by a better understanding of the prevalence of occupational hazards among healthcare professionals in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the goal of this systematic analysis was to investigate how often healthcare professionals in sub-Saharan Africa are exposed to blood and bloodborne diseases.

…”

A Qualitative Study on Voices of South African Learner Nurses on Occupational Health and Safety during Clinical Learning: Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Makhado, l., Musekwa, Makhado, T.G. and Otsheleng, argue that in Africa, the prevalence of occupational exposure is approximately 92% among healthcare professionals [ 24 ]. For example, occupational exposure is responsible for 11.8% of HBV, 2.8 of HCV, and 5.1% of HIV infections in several African sub-regions, such as Botswana, Congo, Malawi, and South Africa.…”