Healthcare Workers Who Elected Not to Receive Smallpox Vaccination

Wortley, Pascale M.; Schwartz, Benjamin; Levy, Paul S.; Quick, Linda; Evans, Brian; Burke, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.10.005

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Concerns about the potential use of smallpox virus as a biological weapon, combined with a high morbidity rate and contraindications to immunization with vaccinia virus in some segments of the population, and recent outbreaks of monkeypox and other related poxviruses [56,57], all highlight the need for a new generation of smallpox vaccines [58,59]. For these reasons, new strains of vaccinia virus have been developed [60,61] and subunit vaccines for smallpox are in development [11,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human CD4+ T Cell Epitopes from Vaccinia Virus Induced by Vaccination or Infection

et al. 2007

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Despite the importance of vaccinia virus in basic and applied immunology, our knowledge of the human immune response directed against this virus is very limited. CD4+ T cell responses are an important component of immunity induced by current vaccinia-based vaccines, and likely will be required for new subunit vaccine approaches, but to date vaccinia-specific CD4+ T cell responses have been poorly characterized, and CD4+ T cell epitopes have been reported only recently. Classical approaches used to identify T cell epitopes are not practical for large genomes like vaccinia. We developed and validated a highly efficient computational approach that combines prediction of class II MHC-peptide binding activity with prediction of antigen processing and presentation. Using this approach and screening only 36 peptides, we identified 25 epitopes recognized by T cells from vaccinia-immune individuals. Although the predictions were made for HLA-DR1, eight of the peptides were recognized by donors of multiple haplotypes. T cell responses were observed in samples of peripheral blood obtained many years after primary vaccination, and were amplified after booster immunization. Peptides recognized by multiple donors are highly conserved across the poxvirus family, including variola, the causative agent of smallpox, and may be useful in development of a new generation of smallpox vaccines and in the analysis of the immune response elicited to vaccinia virus. Moreover, the epitope identification approach developed here should find application to other large-genome pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human CD4+ T Cell Epitopes from Vaccinia Virus Induced by Vaccination or Infection

et al. 2007

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“…Wortley et al, evaluating healthcare workers who elected not to be vaccinated for smallpox, showed that the two main reasons given for non-vaccination were concerns about vaccine side effects and not feeling that the risk of an outbreak was worth the benefit of vaccination. 18 Similarly, a study evaluating the attitudes of United …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards vaccines and infectious disease risk among U.S. troops

Porter¹,

Bowens²,

Tribble³

et al. 2008

Human Vaccines

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“…Self-assessed knowledge of smallpox vaccination and a previous history of smallpox vaccination were also positive predictors of vaccination [30,31]. On the other hand, the leading reasons for non-vaccination were concern about side effects [32], the belief that the risk of outbreak (smallpox attack, and exposure to it) was not high [33], concern about personal contraindications or in household contacts, and concerns about transmission to household contacts [34,35]. Thus, among those not willing to undergo vaccination, concern about adverse events and the risk of vaccination outweighing vaccination benefits were leading reasons for not being willing to be vaccinated [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The public acceptance of smallpox vaccination to fight bioterrorism in Japan: results of a large-scale opinion survey in Japan

Sato

Tomio²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2010

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives This study examines the public acceptance of smallpox vaccinations in the event of a terrorist attack using smallpox. The article also provides public health professionals with the information necessary for such smallpox management. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in a city in Japan asking about prospective action when smallpox vaccination is advised after a terrorist attack and factors that could influence individual decisions about such vaccination. Results Only a tiny fraction of people (0.12%) expressed their rejection of vaccination. Of the respondents, 63.6% showed their intent to be vaccinated promptly when such a measure was required; 28.6% wanted to decide for themselves, having some reservations. Those in the younger age group, those suffering from hypertension/cardiac diseases, and those who considered the threat of smallpox terrorism less seriously were likely to reserve their vaccination decisions until after examining information.Conclusions Communication programs regarding smallpox vaccination should be well planned beforehand and should especially target those people who reserve their decisions at such times. Health professionals should also be well equipped with all information necessary for appropriate and effective smallpox management in the face of such a bioterrorism attack or the strong potential of one.

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Healthcare Workers Who Elected Not to Receive Smallpox Vaccination

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Human CD4+ T Cell Epitopes from Vaccinia Virus Induced by Vaccination or Infection

Human CD4+ T Cell Epitopes from Vaccinia Virus Induced by Vaccination or Infection

Attitudes towards vaccines and infectious disease risk among U.S. troops

The public acceptance of smallpox vaccination to fight bioterrorism in Japan: results of a large-scale opinion survey in Japan

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