Healthcare Workplace Conversations on Race and the Perspectives of Physicians of African Descent

Nuñez-Smith, Marcella; Curry, Leslie; Berg, David N.; Krumholz, Harlan M.; Bradley, Elizabeth H.

doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0709-7

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In-depth interviews and focus groups were the second most frequently used approach and were used to elicit information on patient perspectives of discrimination in cancer care, 69 provider explanations for racial disparities in medical treatment, 68 patient perceptions of discriminatory behavior by providers and its effect on compliance with treatment recommendations, 67 description of health provider behaviors perceived to be discriminatory, 73,74 perspectives regarding race and race-related conversations within the health care work-place, 75 patient perspectives of barriers to care, 71 and perception of the role of racial discrimination in health care disparities. 76 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Established scales or their adaptations were used to measure perceived discrimination in 14 articles, 12,30-32,38,39,43,45,48-51,53,54 and investigators developed their own measures in 8 articles. 29,36,67,68,71,75,76 The original or an adapted version of the Experiences of Discrimination Scale was the most frequently used measure of perceived discrimination. 12,30,31,43,48,49,79 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The State of Research on Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in The Receipt of Health Care

et al. 2012

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Objectives We conducted a review to examine current literature on the effects of interpersonal and institutional racism and discrimination occurring within health care settings on the health care received by racial/ethnic minority patients. Methods We searched the PsychNet, PubMed, and Scopus databases for articles on US populations published between January 1, 2008 and November 1, 2011. We used various combinations of the following search terms: discrimination, perceived discrimination, race, ethnicity, racism, institutional racism, stereotype, prejudice or bias, and health or health care. Fifty-eight articles were reviewed. Results Patient perception of discriminatory treatment and implicit provider biases were the most frequently examined topics in health care settings. Few studies examined the overall prevalence of racial/ethnic discrimination and none examined temporal trends. In general, measures used were insufficient for examining the impact of interpersonal discrimination or institutional racism within health care settings on racial/ethnic disparities in health care. Conclusions Better instrumentation, innovative methodology, and strategies are needed for identifying and tracking racial/ethnic discrimination in health care settings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of Research on Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in The Receipt of Health Care

et al. 2012

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“…They reflect the fact that racism and discrimination have created a broad-based legacy of vastly differing world views. 33 As organizations aim to recruit and retain a racially/ethnically diverse health-care provider workforce, it is necessary that organization leadership explicitly recognizes that differences in employee experiences and perceptions will inevitably affect the conversations about race within health-care settings, 34 and should inform the development of formal and informal mechanisms for communication and conflict resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race/Ethnicity and Workplace Discrimination: Results of a National Survey of Physicians

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUND: Promoting racial/ethnic diversity within the physician workforce is a national priority. However, the extent of racial/ethnic discrimination reported by physicians from diverse backgrounds in today's health-care workplace is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of physician experiences of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination at work and to explore physician views about race and discussions regarding race/ethnicity in the workplace. PARTICIPANTS: Practicing physicians (total n=529) from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds in the United States. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:We examined physicians' experience of racial/ethnic discrimination over their career course, their experience of discrimination in their current work setting, and their views about race/ethnicity and discrimination at work. The proportion of physicians who reported that they had experienced racial/ethnic discrimination "sometimes, often, or very often" during their medical career was substantial among non-majority physicians (71% of black physicians, 45% of Asian physicians, 63% of "other" race physicians, and 27% of Hispanic/Latino(a) physicians, compared with 7% of white physicians, all p< 0.05). Similarly, the proportion of non-majority physicians who reported that they experienced discrimination in their current work setting was substantial (59% of black, 39% of Asian, 35% of "other" race, 24% of Hispanic/Latino(a) physicians, and 21% of white physicians). Physician views about the role of race/ethnicity at work varied significantly by respondent race/ ethnicity.CONCLUSIONS: Many non-majority physicians report experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination in the workplace. Opportunities exist for health-care organizations and diverse physicians to work together to improve the climate of perceived discrimination where they work.KEY WORDS: discrimination; race and ethnicity; workforce; health-care workers.

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“…1–3,5,21,22 Survey recipients received either a $2 bill or entry into a gift certificate lottery to encourage participation. The questionnaire was pilot tested with 20 physicians in training prior to final revisions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Care Workplace Discrimination and Physician Turnover

Nuñez-Smith¹,

Pilgrim

Wynia

et al. 2009

Journal of the National Medical Association

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Objective To examine the association between physician race/ethnicity, workplace discrimination, and physician job turnover. Methods Cross-sectional, national survey conducted in 2006–2007 of practicing physicians [n = 529] randomly identified via the American Medical Association Masterfile and The National Medical Association membership roster. We assessed the relationships between career racial/ethnic discrimination at work and several career-related dependent variables, including 2 measures of physician turnover, career satisfaction, and contemplation of career change. We used standard frequency analyses, odds ratios and χ2 statistics, and multivariate logistic regression modeling to evaluate these associations. Results Physicians who self-identified as nonmajority were significantly more likely to have left at least 1 job because of workplace discrimination (black, 29%; Asian, 24%; other race, 21%; Hispanic/Latino, 20%; white, 9%). In multivariate models, having experienced racial/ethnic discrimination at work was associated with high job turnover [adjusted odes ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4–4.9]. Among physicians who experienced work-place discrimination, only 45% of physicians were satisfied with their careers (vs 88% among those who had not experienced workplace discrimination, p value < .01], and 40% were con-templating a career change (vs 10% among those who had not experienced workplace discrimination, p value < .001). Conclusion Workplace discrimination is associated with physician job turnover, career dissatisfaction, and contemplation of career change. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring for workplace discrimination and responding when opportunities for intervention and retention still exist.

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Healthcare Workplace Conversations on Race and the Perspectives of Physicians of African Descent

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

The State of Research on Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in The Receipt of Health Care

The State of Research on Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in The Receipt of Health Care

Race/Ethnicity and Workplace Discrimination: Results of a National Survey of Physicians

Health Care Workplace Discrimination and Physician Turnover

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