“Healthier” dairy fat using trans‐vaccenic acid

Jayan, Geetha C.; Herbein, J.H.

doi:10.1108/00346650010352924

Cited by 29 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several in vitro systems have been developed to allow the role of specific fatty acids on the regulation of mammary lipogenesis to be investigated that include: (i) dispersed bMEC (Hansen et al, 1986;Hansen and Knudsen, 1987) or primary bMEC (Matitashvili and Bauman, 2000); (ii) bovine mammary epithelial cell lines: MAC-T (Jayan and Herbein, 2000;Peterson et al, 2004;Kadegowda et al, 2009); and BME-UV (McFadden et al, 2008) or cloned bMEC (Liu et al, 2006;Yonezawa et al, 2008); and (iii) tissue explants (Matitashvili et al, 2001). Development of in vitro systems offers the advantage that the effects of relatively small amounts of specific TFA can be evaluated under controlled conditions, but mammary epithelial cells and cultured mammary explants have a short lifetime, whereas Trans fatty acids and mammary lipogenesis in ruminants modified cell lines often have abnormal characteristics and a low-secretory activity in vitro.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incubation of trans-10 18:1 with bovine MAC-T cells decreased ACACA, FASN and SCD transcript abundance (Kadegowda et al, 2009), whereas trans-11 18:1 enhanced SCD mRNA in bMEC (Matitashvili and Bauman, 2000) and increased SCD activity, but decreased ACC and FAS activity in bovine MAC-T cell lines (Jayan and Herbein, 2000). Due to the limited number of studies in ruminants, inferences on the potential anti-lipogenic activity of TFA have also been drawn based on studies involving incubations with adipocytes and hepatocytes in vitro (refer to Shingfield and Griinari, 2007).…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

336

427

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Fat is an important constituent contributing to the organoleptic, processing and physical properties of ruminant milk. Understanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk energy secretion and improve the energy balance of lactating ruminants. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating the concentration and composition of fat in ruminant milk. Feeding low-fibre/high-starch diets and/or lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine, typically increase milk fat secretion in the caprine, whereas limited data in sheep suggest that the responses are more similar to the goat than the cow. Following the observation that reductions in milk fat synthesis during diet-induced MFD are associated with increases in the concentration of specific trans fatty acids in milk, the biohydrogenation theory of MFD was proposed, which attributes the causal mechanism to altered ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti-lipogenic effects. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only biohydrogenation intermediate to have been infused at the abomasum over a range of experimental doses (1.25 to 14.0 g/day) and shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis in ruminants. However, increases in ruminal trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation do not explain entirely diet-induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates and/or other mechanisms may also be involved. Experiments involving abomasal infusions (g/day) in lactating cows have provided evidence that cis-10, trans-12 CLA (1.2), trans-9, cis-11 CLA (5.0) and trans-10 18:1 (92.1) may also exert anti-lipogenic effects. Use of molecular-based approaches have demonstrated that mammary abundance of transcripts encoding for key lipogenic genes are reduced during MFD in the bovine, changes that are accompanied by decrease in sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and alterations in the expression of genes related to the SREBP1 pathway. Recent studies indicate that transcription of one or more adipogenic genes is increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cows during acute or chronic MFD. Feeding diets of similar composition do not induce MFD or substantially alter mammary lipogenic gene expression in the goat. The available data suggests that variation in mammary fatty acid secretion and lipogenic responses to changes in diet composition between ruminants reflect inherent interspecies differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and mammary specific regulation of cellular processes and key lipogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of milk fat triacylglycerides.Keywords: milk fat, trans fatty acids, gene expression, lipogenesis, ruminants ImplicationsUnderstanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk-energ...

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

336

427

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“…This is in line with Kadegowda et al (2009) who also reported that C18:0 did not affect SCD1 expression in MAC-T cells. Moreover, Jayan and Herbein (2000) reported that SCD activity was not affected when C18:0 was added to MAC-T cells.…”

Section: Scd1 Scd5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in agreement with Keating et al (2006), who showed that the SCD1 promoter activity was downregulated by C18:1 cis-9 in MAC-T cells. Similarly, it has been reported that C18:1 cis-9 inhibits both SCD1 expression (Kadegowda et al, 2009) and SCD1 activity (Jayan and Herbein, 2000) in MAC-T cells. These results are consistent with the notion that SCD1 regulates both membrane-and milk fat fluidity by maintaining a rather constant C18:0/C18:1 cis-9 ratio (Ntambi, 1999).…”

Section: Scd1 Scd5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of short- and long-chain fatty acids on the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and other lipogenic genes in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Jacobs

Dijkstra

Liesman

et al. 2013

Animal

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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in the bovine mammary gland introduces a cis-double bond at the D9 position in a wide range of fatty acids (FA). Several long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) inhibit expression of SCD, but information on the effect of short-chain fatty acids on mammary SCD expression is scarce. We used a bovine mammary cell line (MAC-T) to assess the effect of acetic acid (Ac) and b-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in comparison with the effect of various long-chain fatty acids on the mRNA expression of the lipogenic enzymes SCD, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and their associated gene regulatory proteins sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), insulin-induced gene 1 protein (INSIG1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) by quantitative real-time PCR. MAC-T cells were treated for 12 h without FA additions (CON) or with either 5 mM Ac, 5 mM BHBA, a combination of 5 mM Ac 1 5 mM BHBA, 100 mM C16:0, 100 mM C18:0, 100 mM C18:1 cis-9, 100 mM C18:1 trans-11, 100 mM C18:2 cis-9,12 or 100 mM C18:3 cis-9,12,15. Compared with control, mRNA expression of SCD1 was increased by Ac (161%) and reduced by C18:1 cis-9 (261%), C18:2 cis-9,12 (284%) and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 (288%). In contrast to native bovine mammary gland tissue, MAC-T cells did not express SCD5. Expression of ACACA was increased by Ac (144%) and reduced by C18:2 cis-9,12 (248%) and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 (249%). Compared with control, FASN expression was not significantly affected by the treatments. The mRNA level of SREBF1 was not affected by Ac or BHBA, but was reduced by C18:1 cis-9 (244%), C18:1 trans-11 (242%), C18:2 cis-9,12 (262%) and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 (268%) compared with control. Expression of INSIG1 was downregulated by C18:0 (237%), C18:1 cis-9 (263%), C18:1 trans-11 (253%), C18:2 cis-9,12 (281%) and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 (291%). Both PPARA and PPARD expression were not significantly affected by the treatments. Our results show that Ac upregulated mRNA expression of SCD1 and ACACA in MAC-T cells. The opposite effect of the PUFA C18:2 cis-9,12 and C18:3 cis-9,12,15 on the these genes and the failure of Ac to mimic the PUFA-inhibited SREBF1 and INSIG1 mRNA expression, suggest that Ac can stimulate mammary lipogenesis via a transcriptional regulatory mechanism different from PUFA.

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“…Variations in the fatty acid profile throughout lactation may be linked to the energy balance of the cows. During early lactation, dairy cows in negative energy balance mobilize adipose tissues for secretion of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and other long-chain fatty acids into milk (29), and the increased concentrations of these fatty acids might therefore explain the rela tively lower concentrations of de novo synthesized C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 compared with the later lactation stages (30). Accomplishment of a positive energy balance during middle lactation is probable to reverse the inhibitory effects of C18:1 fatty acid on de novo fatty acid synthesis and consequently lead to an increase in the concentrations of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 during middle lactation as compared to early lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxytocin on milk proteins and fatty acid profile inSahiwal cows during lactation periods

Hameed¹,

Anjum²,

Zahoor³

et al. 2016

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Bovine milk, a rich source of proteins and fatty acids, has a beneficial impact on physicochemical and organoleptic properties. The current study was planned to identify oxytocin's effects on protein and fatty acid profiles of cow milk (the Sahiwal breed) at various lactation stages (early, middle, and late) under a controlled atmosphere and feeding inputs. Examination of milk protein and fatty acid profiles by urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry respectively revealed the significant effect (P < 0.01) of oxytocin during the cow's lactation stages. In electrophoretic patterns, casein (αs1-CN, αs2-CN, β-CN, and k-CN) and whey protein fractions (Ig, BSA, β-Lg, and α-La) appeared as low-intensity bands in oxytocin-injected milk when compared to the control. Reductions in concentrations of fatty acids C16:0 (25.00%) and C18:1 (21.60%) were observed in oxytocin-treated milk as compared to the control group (29.30% and 29.10%, respectively) at late lactation.

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“Healthier” dairy fat using trans‐vaccenic acid

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Effects of short- and long-chain fatty acids on the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and other lipogenic genes in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Effect of oxytocin on milk proteins and fatty acid profile inSahiwal cows during lactation periods

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