Healthy and Atretic Human Follicles in the Preovulatory Phase: Differences in Evolution of Follicular Morphology and Steroid Content of Follicular Fluid*

Bomsel-Helmreich, O.; Gougeon, Alain; Thébault, A.; Saltarelli, Danièle; Milgröm, Edwin; Frydman, R; Papiernik, E.

doi:10.1210/jcem-48-4-686

Cited by 156 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…After enucleation of the largest follicle no further differences were found in steroid levels in blood draining both ovaries (91). A correlation between intrafollicular E 2 concentrations and follicle diameter has been substantiated in large dominant follicles (75,77,83). All studies show low E 2 levels in relatively small (Ͻ10 mm diameter) nondominant follicles (57,68,76,77,83), and the absence of a correlation between follicle size and E 2 levels in this size range (Fig.…”

Section: B Intrafollicular Endocrine Changesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For this reason these steroids are present in large quantities in ovarian follicles of all sizes and represent the main steroid produced by early antral follicles (73)(74)(75). Atretic follicles of all sizes (between 2 and 13 mm diameter) also contain high androgen levels (57, 76) and low E 2 concentrations (77). Granulosa cells become responsive to FSH only at more advanced stages of development and are capable of converting the theca cell-derived substrate AD to E 2 by induction of the aromatase enzyme.…”

Section: B Intrafollicular Endocrine Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Manipulation of Human Ovarian Function: Physiological Concepts and Clinical Consequences*

Fauser¹,

Heusden²

1997

Endocrine Reviews

226

165

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Section: B Intrafollicular Endocrine Changesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: B Intrafollicular Endocrine Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Human Ovarian Function: Physiological Concepts and Clinical Consequences*

Fauser¹,

Heusden²

1997

Endocrine Reviews

226

165

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“…The amount of hormones secreted from the corpus luteum in the luteal phase has been shown to be largely influenced by the process of follicle maturation [8,9]. Based on experiments using the perfusion system of rabbit ovaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Progesterone/Estradiol Ratio on Luteal Function for Achieving Pregnancy in Gonadotropin Therapy

Kamada

Kubota

1992

Horm Res

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the relationship between plasma progesterone (P₄) and estradiol (E₂) levels in the luteal phase for achieving pregnancy in human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-treated cycles. Plasma P₄ and E₂ levels were determined in 93 hMG-hCG-treated cycles (23 pregnant and 70 nonpregnant) of 46 patients during 3 periods of the luteal phase, using radioimmunoassay. In addition, 88 spontaneous ovulatory cycles and 100 clomiphene-treated cycles were also studied in the same manner. In hMG-hCG-treated cycles in the early luteal phase, the P₄/E₂ ratio in pregnant cycles was significantly higher than that in nonpregnant cycles. There was no significant difference between the P₄/E₂ratios of the luteal phase of hMG-hCG-treated pregnant-group, clomiphene-treated and spontaneous ovulatory cycles. In nonpregnant cycles, however, the P₄/E₂ ratio in hMG-hCG-treated cycles was significantly lower than that in clomiphene-treated or spontaneous ovulatory cycles. These results suggest that in hMG-hCG-treated cycles, the P₄/E₂ ratio may be a more reliable index of luteal function for achieving pregnancy than P₄ levels alone.

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“…the color reaction was terminated with 10 m/V/Tris, 1 m M EDTA, pH 8, and countcrstained with eosin. The criteria of follicular atresia were based on a previous report, including the dissolution of nuclear membrane, the condensation of nuclear chromatin, and the presence of pvknotic granulosa cells [28]. When the antibody conjugate was omitted from the procedure or when ddATP alone was used as a substrate for the enzyme, no color reaction was detected.…”

Section: In Situ Analysis O F Luteal Cell Dna Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis of Human Ovary and Uterine Endometrium during the Menstrual Cycle

Shikone¹,

Kokawa²,

Yamoto³

et al. 1997

Horm Res

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To investigate apoptotic changes in the ovary or uterine endometrium, we studied the cleavage of DNA in these tissues obtained from regularly cycling women by in situ analysis of DNA integrity and quantitative end labeling of DNA gel fractionation. In situ analysis of several sized atretic follicles of ovaries revealed that granulosa cells showed positive staining to some extent, however, these methods do not discriminate between cells undergoing apoptosis and those undergoing necrosis. Total DNA extracted from human corpora lutea (CL) of the early luteal phase contained predominantly high molecular weight DNA, whereas CL of the midluteal phase exhibited the appearance of DNA cleavage into low molecular weight ladders characteristic of apoptosis. Although apoptotic DNA cleavage of human CL increased from the midluteal phase to the late luteal phase, CL of early pregnancy did not exhibit apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Both large and small luteal cells were the primary cell type exhibiting DNA cleavage in human CL of the midluteal and late luteal phases and in regressive CL. Biochemical analysis of human endometrium revealed that the ladder pattern cleavage of DNA was identified at three different phases of the menstrual cycle, namely the early proliferative, late secretory, and menstrual phases. Cells undergoing apoptosis were scattered in the functional layer of the early proliferative endometrium, but not in the late proliferative phase to midsecretory phase. At the beginning of the late secretory phase, apoptosis reappeared in the stromal cells and spread gradually to almost all components of the functional layer. By contrast, cells in the basal layer showed no evidence of apoptosis throughout the menstrual cycle. The present findings suggest that: (1) human luteal regression may be mediated by apoptosis; (2) CL of early pregnancy may be rescued from luteolysis through inhibition of the occurrence of apoptotic luteal cell death, and (3) apoptosis occurs in specific populations of endometrial cells during the human endome-trial cycle. In conclusion, apoptosis might play an important role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle in women.

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Healthy and Atretic Human Follicles in the Preovulatory Phase: Differences in Evolution of Follicular Morphology and Steroid Content of Follicular Fluid*

Cited by 156 publications

References 0 publications

Manipulation of Human Ovarian Function: Physiological Concepts and Clinical Consequences*

Manipulation of Human Ovarian Function: Physiological Concepts and Clinical Consequences*

Influence of Progesterone/Estradiol Ratio on Luteal Function for Achieving Pregnancy in Gonadotropin Therapy

Apoptosis of Human Ovary and Uterine Endometrium during the Menstrual Cycle

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